Power Battery System Enzirukanya y'okwenkanankana .
Okusobola okutebenkeza enjawulo n’amaanyi mu butoffaali ssekinnoomu mu pack ya bbaatule n’okulongoosa omutindo gw’okukozesa amaanyi ga bbaatule, kyetaagisa eky’okwenkanya mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga n’okufulumya. Okusinziira ku ngeri circuit gy’ekozesaamu amaanyi mu nkola y’okwenkanankana, esobola okugabanyizibwamu ebika bibiri ebikulu: ekika ky’okusaasaanya amaanyi n’ekika ky’amasoboza ekitali-ekika ky’okusaasaana. Ekika ky’okusaasaana kw’amasoboza kisaasaanya amaanyi agasukkiridde ng’ebbugumu, ate amasoboza agatali-ekika ky’okusaasaana gakyusa oba gakyusa amasoboza agasukkiridde mu bbaatule endala.
Okusaasaana kw’amasoboza-Ekika ky’okuddukanya emirembe .
Okusaasaanya amasoboza-Type equalization circuits zituuka ku kyenkanyi nga zifuumuula akasannyalazo aka chajingi okuyita mu parallel resistors mu butoffaali bwa bbaatule ssekinnoomu, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 8-12. Enzimba eno eya circuit nnyangu, era enkola y’okwenkanankana okutwalira awamu emalirizibwa mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga. Naye, tesobola kuzzaawo maanyi ga butoffaali bwa muntu ssekinnoomu obutono-, ekivaamu okusaasaanya amaanyi n’okweyongera kw’omugugu ku nkola y’okuddukanya ebbugumu. Ebyuma by’amasannyalaze eby’ekika ky’okusaasaanya amaanyi okutwalira awamu bigwa mu biti bibiri:
Okusaasaana kw’amasoboza-Okutwalira awamu ebyuma by’amasannyalaze bigwa mu biti bibiri: ekisooka, ekiyungo kya shunt resistor ekyenkanankana ekitali kikyukakyuka, nga resistors ya shunt bulijjo eyungibwa mu parallel ne buli cell ya bbaatule. Enkola eno emanyiddwa olw’okwesigamizibwa okw’amaanyi n’omuwendo omunene ogwa shunt resistor, okukendeeza enjawulo mu vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu olw’okwefuula-okuyita mu shunt etali nnywevu. Ekizibu kyayo kiri nti shunt resistor enywa amasannyalaze buli kiseera mu byombi okucaajinga n’okufulumya, ekivaamu okufiirwa amaanyi amangi; Okutwalira awamu kisaanira okukozesebwa ng’amasoboza gasobola okujjula amangu.
Ekyokubiri, switch-Controlled shunt resistor equarization charging circuit, nga shunt resistor efugibwa switch. Mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga, vvulovumenti ya bbaatule ssekinnoomu bw’etuuka ku vvulovumenti esala, ekyuma ekyenkanankana kiziyiza okucaajinga ennyo n’okukyusa amaanyi agasukkiridde ne gafuuka ebbugumu. Circuit eno ey’okwenkanankana ekola mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga era esobola shunt current okutuuka ku butoffaali ssekinnoomu ne voltages eza waggulu mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga. Ekizibu kyayo kiri nti olw’obudde obutono obw’okwenkanankana, ebbugumu eddene erikolebwa mu kiseera kya shunt lyetaaga okusaasaanyizibwa mu budde okuyita mu nkola y’okuddukanya ebbugumu, naddala eyeeyolekera mu bbaatule ezirina obusobozi obunene.
Okugeza, mu bbaatule ya 10AH, enjawulo ya vvulovumenti ya 100mV eyinza okuvaamu enjawulo y’obusobozi esukka mu 500mAh. Singa ekiseera ky’okwenkanankana kiba essaawa 2, akasannyalazo ka shunt kaba 250mA, obuziyiza bwa shunt buba nga 14Ω, ate ebbugumu erikolebwa liba nga 2Wh.
Non-Okuddukanya okusaasaana kw'amaanyi okuddukanya okwenkanankana .
Non-Amaanyi okusaasaanya circuits zikozesa amaanyi matono nnyo okusinga circuit z’okusaasaana kw’amasoboza, naye ensengekera yazo ey’enkulungo nzibu nnyo. Ziyinza okugabanyizibwamu ebika bibiri: okukyusa amaanyi okwenkanankana n’okukyusa amasoboza okwenkanankana.
Okukyusa amaanyi mu kugeraageranya .
Okukyusa amaanyi Okubalansiza kukozesa obubonero obukyusakyusa oba okuzzaamu amaanyi g’obutoffaali obw’enjawulo okuva mu bbaatule okutwalira awamu oba okukyusa amaanyi g’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu okudda mu bbaatule okutwalira awamu. Okukyusa okuva mu maanyi g’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu okudda mu maanyi okutwalira awamu kubaawo mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga bbaatule, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 8-13. Circuit eno ezuula voltage ya buli katoffaali ssekinnoomu; Voltage y’akatoffaali ssekinnoomu bw’etuuka ku muwendo ogugere, modulo y’okutebenkeza etandika okukola. Ekyusa akasannyalazo aka chajingi mu katoffaali ka buli muntu okukendeeza ku vvulovumenti y’okucaajinga, era akasannyalazo akakyusibwa ne kakyusibwa modulo ne kaliisibwa okudda mu bbaasi ecaajinga, n’etuuka ku kugeraageranya. Enkola ezimu ez’okukyusa amaanyi era zisobola okukozesa freewheeling inductors okumaliriza okukyusa amaanyi okuva mu butoffaali ssekinnoomu okudda mu battery pack.
Circuit y’okukyusa amaanyi ga bbaatule yonna okudda mu butoffaali ssekinnoomu eragiddwa mu kifaananyi 8-14. Enkola eno era eyitibwa supplementary balancing. Mu nkola y’okucaajinga, modulo enkulu ey’okucaajinga esooka okucaajinga bbaatule, ate ekiyungo ekizuula vvulovumenti kilondoola buli katoffaali ssekinnoomu. Voltage y’akatoffaali konna ssekinnoomu bw’eba waggulu nnyo, circuit enkulu ecaajinga n’eggalawo, olwo modulo ya supplementary balancing charging n’etandika okucaajinga bbaatule. Okuyita mu dizayini erongooseddwa, vvulovumenti y’okucaajinga mu modulo y’okutebenkeza esiigibwa ku buli katoffaali ssekinnoomu ng’eyita mu DC/DC converter eyeetongodde ne coaxial coil transformer, ne zongerako winding ey’okubiri efaanagana. Kino kikakasa nti obutoffaali obulina vvulovumenti eya waggulu bufuna amaanyi matono okuva mu nkulungo y’okucaajinga ey’obuyambi, ate obutoffaali obulina vvulovumenti entono bufuna amaanyi amangi, bwe kityo ne kituuka ku kugeraageranya. Ekizibu ekiri mu nkola eno kiri nti okufuga obutakyukakyuka bwa winding ey’okubiri kizibu. Ne bwe kiba nga kikyuse, okulowooza ku transformer leakage inductance ne mutual inductance wakati w’ebiwujjo eby’okubiri, obutoffaali ssekinnoomu buyinza obutafuna vvulovumenti y’okucaajinga y’emu. Ekirala, coaxial coil era efuna okusaasaana kw’amasoboza okumu, era enkola eno ey’okutebenkeza ekola ku butakwatagana bwokka obw’okusasuza, okulemererwa okukola ku butakwatagana mu mbeera y’okufulumya.
Okukyusakyusa amaanyi .
Okukyusakyusa amaanyi kukozesa ebintu ebitereka amaanyi nga inductors oba capacitors okutambuza charge okuva mu high-obusobozi obutoffaali obw’omuntu kinnoomu okutuuka wansi-obusobozi bw’obusobozi munda mu battery pack, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 8-15. Circuit eno ekyusa amaanyi wakati w’obutoffaali oburiraanye nga ekyusa capacitors, nga etambuza charge okuva ku high-voltage okutuuka ku low-Voltage cells okutuuka ku balancing. Ekirala, okutambuza amaanyi mu bitundu bibiri wakati w’obutoffaali oburiraanye kuyinza okutuukirira nga tukozesa okutereka kw’amasoboza aga inductive. Circuit eno erina okufiirwa kw’amasoboza okutono ennyo, naye yeetaaga okukyusa emirundi mingi mu kiseera ky’okutebenkeza, ekivaamu ekiseera ekiwanvu eky’okutebenkeza n’okugifuula etasaanira multi-obutoffaali bwa bbaatule. Enkola erongooseddwa eya capacitor-okukyusa enkola y’okutebenkeza esobola okwongera ku sipiidi y’okutebenkeza nga elonda obutoffaali obw’enjawulo obusinga obunene-Voltage n’obuwanvu obutono okusobola okutambuza amaanyi. Naye, okusalawo amaanyi n’okussa mu nkola ekiyungo ekikyusa mu kukyusakyusa amaanyi bizibu nnyo.
Ng’oggyeeko enkola z’okutebenkeza waggulu, okucaajinga ku trickle kuyinza n’okukozesebwa okutuuka ku kugeraageranya bbaatule mu biseera by’okussaako ssente. Eno y’enkola ennyangu era tekyetaagisa circuitry ya external auxiliary. Kizingiramu obutasalako okucaajinga series-battery pack eyungiddwa ku kasannyalazo akatono. Olw’okuba akasannyalazo akacaajinga katono nnyo, okucaajinga ennyo tekulina kinene kye kukola ku bbaatule ejjude. Okuva bbaatule ejjula nga tesobola kukyusa masannyalaze mangi mu masoboza ga kemiko, amasoboza agasukkiridde gajja kukyusibwa mu bbugumu. Kyokka, bbaatule ezitajjula, zisobola okugenda mu maaso n’okufuna amasannyalaze okutuusa nga zituuse ku chajingi mu bujjuvu. Mu ngeri eno, oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ekiwanvu ennyo, bbaatule zonna zijja kutuuka ku buvunaanyizibwa obujjuvu, bwe kityo ne zituuka ku kwenkanankana kw’obusobozi. Naye enkola eno yeetaaga ekiseera ekiwanvu ennyo eky’okucaajinga ekyenkanankana era enywa amaanyi amangi okusobola okutuuka ku kwenkanankana. Ekirala, enkola eno tekola bulungi mu kuddukanya ekyenkanankana eky’okufulumya.
Ebizibu mu kusaba .
Ebigonjoola bya bbaatule ebiriwo okusinga bisalawo obusobozi bwa bbaatule okusinziira ku vvulovumenti ya battery pack-a voltage-okusinziira ku nkola y’okutebenkeza. Okutuuka ku battery pack balancing, obutuufu obw’amaanyi n’obutuufu mu kuzuula voltage kikulu nnyo. Akasannyalazo akakulukuta mu nkulungo ezuula voltage kakwata butereevu ku bugumu bwa bbaatule. N’olwekyo, okukola dizayini y’enkulungo y’okuzuula vvulovumenti ennyangu era ekola obulungi kye kikulu okusoomoozebwa mu kugeraageranya circuit. Ekirala, vvulovumenti si kye kipimo kyokka eky’obusobozi bwa bbaatule. Okuziyiza okw’omunda n’okuziyiza okukwatagana mu nkola y’okuyunga nabyo bireeta enkyukakyuka za vvulovumenti. N’olwekyo, okwesigama ku vvulovumenti yokka okusobola okutebenkeza kiyinza okuvaako okusukka-okutebenkeza n’amasoboza agabula. Mu mbeera ezisukkiridde, kiyinza n’okuleeta obutakwatagana mu bbaatule, wadde ng’obusobozi obusookerwako bugeraageranye.
Enkulungo z’okusaasaana kw’amasoboza nnyangu mu nsengekera, naye resistors ezitebenkeza zikozesa amaanyi mu kiseera kya current shunting ne zikola ebbugumu, ekivaako ensonga z’okuddukanya ebbugumu. Okuva bwe kiri nti mu bukulu zikoma ku vvulovumenti ezisukkiridde oba eza wansi eza terminal mu butoffaali ssekinnoomu okuyita mu kusaasaana kw’amasoboza, zisaanira okutebenkeza okukyukakyuka kwokka. Okulinnya kwazo okw’ebbugumu eringi-kukendeeza okwesigika kw’enkola, ekizifuula ezitasaanira kugeraageranya kwa maanyi. Enkola eno esaanira ku bbaatule entono oba eza wansi-obusobozi.
Enkulungo z’okutambuza amaanyi y’enkola y’okuliyirira obusobozi bwa bbaatule, nga bbaatule ya waggulu-obusobozi bw’obusobozi buyambako amaanyi agamu okuliyirira bbaatule y’obusobozi eya wansi-. Wadde nga kisoboka, enkola eno nzibu, nnene, era ya ssente nnyingi olw’obwetaavu bw’okulondoola vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu mu nkulungo yennyini. Ekirala, okutambuza amasoboza kutuukirizibwa nga tuyita mu kifo ekitereka amaanyi, ekireeta ensonga z’okukozesa amaanyi n’okufuga. Enkola eno ey’okutebenkeza okutwalira awamu ekozesebwa mu bbaatule eza wakati oba ennene.
Ku luuyi olulala, circuits ezikyusa amaanyi, zikozesa switching power supply okutuuka ku kukyusa amaanyi. Bw’ogeraageranya n’enkulungo ezitambuza amaanyi, tezibeera nzibu nnyo era tezibeera za bbeeyi ntono. Naye, ku coaxial coils, obuwanvu n’enkula ez’enjawulo eza waya eziyunga windings ku buli katoffaali zivaamu emigerageranyo egy’enjawulo egy’enkyukakyuka, ekivaamu okutebenkeza obutakwatagana kwa buli katoffaali era ne kivaamu ensobi z’okutebenkeza. Okugatta ku ekyo, coaxial coil yennyini enywa amaanyi olw’okukulukuta kw’amasannyalaze n’ensonga endala.
