Enzirukanya y’okufulumya (ascharge cycle) kye ki?

Yabadde n’omulanga ku Lwokubiri oluwedde nga kkampuni etandise okukola emirimu gyayo esoose mu ngalo. PM ambuuza emirundi emeka abakozesa baabwe gye basobola okucaajinga bbaatule. Nagamba nti kisinziira. Yali ayagala nnamba. Namugamba nti 500, mpozzi, mu mbeera etuukiridde etajja kubeerawo mu nnimiro.

Ekyo kye kizibu ky'enzirukanya y'okufulumya. Concept is dead simple naye okugikozesa ku bintu ebituufu kifuna obuzibu amangu.

cycle emu tetegeeza charge emu .

Battery yo tebala plug-INS. Kibala obusobozi obuyita mu nkola. Dduka 100% ku busobozi bwa nameplate era eyo cycle emu. Kikole mu ssasi limu oba kibunye wiiki emu ey’okufulumya ekitundu - ekivaamu kye kimu.

18650 etudde mu ttaala yo mu kiseera kino eyinza okuba ku Cycle 47 oba Cycle 212. Okuggyako ng’obadde olondoola amp-essaawa mu ddiini, tolina kirowoozo kyonna. cell sure temanyi. Tewali counter ntono munda. BMS yo ebalirira okusinziira ku Coulomb okubala, ne Coulomb okubala drifts. Nze nfunye packs akutuse nga cycle count eyaloopebwa yali off ne 30% bwogerageranya ne actual calendar okukaddiwa.

Samsung SDI yafulumya ebiwandiiko ebimu emabega mu 2019 ng’eraga obutoffaali bwabwo 21700 nga bukuba 83% obusobozi okusigala ku cycle 300 wansi w’enkola yaabwe ey’okugezesa eya bulijjo. Obutoffaali bwa Panasonic NCR okuva mu mulembe gwe gumu bwasinga okufaanana 78% ku 300 cycles. Ennamba zino zaava mu bisenge by’embeera y’obudde ku 23℃nga cc-CV charging ku 0.5C n’okufulumya ku 1C okutuuka ku 2.5V cutoff. Mileage yo ejja kwawukana kubanga use case yo si ya climate chamber.

Ekintu kya DOD .

Buli muntu mu mulimu guno ayogera ku depth of discharge nga bwekiri ekika kya magic lever. Enzirukanya ezitali nnene zigaziya obulamu, enzirukanya enzito zitta obutoffaali amangu. Kituufu ekimala. Naye omukwano si kye basuubira abantu abasinga.

Nakola pulojekiti ya side mu 2021 nga ngezaako okugera omuwendo guno eri kasitoma w’ekyuma eky’obujjanjabi. Twaggya obutoffaali 200 okuva mu looti y’emu ey’okufulumya, ne tubugabanyaamu ebibinja, ne tubuvuga ku mitendera gya DOD egy’enjawulo okumala emyezi munaana. Ekibinja kya 100% DoD kyagwa ku cycle 380. Ekibinja kya 60% DOD kyali kikyali ku 88% obusobozi ku yenkana 900 full cycles. Ekibinja kya DoD ekya 30% kyalaga nti waliwo okukendeera kwonna n’akatono oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu.

Naye wuuno datasheets ze zitajja kukubuulira. Okukaddiwa kwa kalenda kwali kulya mu bibinja byonna ku muwendo gwe gumu nga tetufuddeeyo ku ddigi. Mu mwezi ogw’ekkumi, n’obutoffaali bwe twakwatako butono bwali bufiiriddwa 4-5% obusobozi bwokka nga butudde awo ku 50% state of charge mu kisenge kya diguli 25. Obutoffaali obuvuga ennyo bwali bukubwa okuva mu njuyi zombi - okukaddiwa kw’obugaali nga kwogasse n’okukaddiwa kwa kalenda nga buli emu esimbira waggulu.

Kale kasitoma wo bw'abuuza lwaki ekyuma kyabwe ekibiri--ekikadde tekiwangaala nnyo wadde nga "bakikozesa nnyo" - y'ensonga lwaki.

Ebbugumu likola obulabe bungi okusinga obugaali .

Nfunye bbokisi y’obutoffaali mu galagi yange okuva mu bbaatule y’akagaali ka Golf eyamala ekyeya ssatu mu kiyumba e Tucson. Nnyinimu yalayira nti akagaali yakakozesanga mpozzi emirundi ebiri mu mwezi. Pack yaweebwa ekipimo kya cycles 2000. Yafa ku 160. Obutoffaali bwalabika bulungi ebweru. Eyatika emu nga nzigule ate nga jelly roll yalina ebitundu bya kitaka ku separator. Electrolyte yali evunze ekitundu.

Ebbugumu litta obutoffaali bwa lithium. Si mangu nga short efudde. mpola, nga okuleka butto ebweru ku counter.

Omukwano gwa Arrhenius gukuwa omuwendo gw'okuvunda nga 2x ku buli diguli 10 esukka diguli 25 . Naye ekyo kya wakati mu kemiko. Obutoffaali bwa NMC bwe nkebedde bwagwa mangu. LFP yakwata bulungi. Obutoffaali bw’ensawo bwe tukozesa ku bikozesebwa mu kuyambala businga okuwuliziganya okusinga obutoffaali obulinga ssiringi nga bulina kemiko y’emu kubanga obuzito bw’ebbugumu buba wansi era businga okubuguma wansi w’omugugu.

Okufulumya amazzi mu nnyonta kinyiiza naye si kya kuzikiriza. Ofiirwa obusobozi okumala akaseera. Kikomawo ng’obutoffaali bubuguma. Nze nfunye obutoffaali ku -15℃obwawa 61% zokka ku busobozi obugerekebwa, olwo ne buleka ebbugumu okutuuka ku room temp ne nfuna 3.2ah enzijuvu ku discharge eddako. Okucaajinga ennyogovu ye killer - lithium plating ku anode. Okwonoonebwa okwo kwa lubeerera. BMS ezisinga zisiba nga zicaajinga wansi wa 0℃olw’ensonga eno yennyini.

kiki ddala ekibaawo munda mu katoffaali .

Buli kufulumya kwa lithium ions okuva mu graphite anode okudda mu cathode. Buli charge abasikambula okudda emabega. Kino kikole emirundi egimala era ebintu bitandika okumenya.

SEI layer ku anode egonvuwa. Layer eyo etekeddwa okubaawo - ekuuma graphite okuva ku electrolyte. Naye kikula buli cycle, era okukula kitegeeza nti kirya lithium ekiyinza okutereka amaanyi. Eno y’ensonga lwaki obusobozi buzikira ne bwe kiba nti tewali kintu kya katemba kibaawo.

Obutoffaali bwa katodi bwatika. NMC ne NCA cathodes zirina ensengekera ya kirisitaalo egaziwa n’okukonziba nga lithium atambula okuyingira n’okufuluma. Micro-Enjatika Ekola. Obuwanvu bw’okungulu bweyongera. side reactions za mangu. Nze ndabye cross-ebitundu by'obutundutundu bwa katodi okuva mu butoffaali obw'enkulungo eri waggulu-obulinga endabirwamu ezimenyese wansi wa microscope bw'ogeraageranya n'obutoffaali obupya okuva mu kibinja kye kimu.

Electrolyte egwa wansi. Amazzi g’okulondoola galeeta obuzibu. Voltage eya waggulu eyanguyira okukyukakyuka (oxidation). Omaliriza ng’okola ggaasi, n’eyongera ku impedance, era okukkakkana ng’obutoffaali buzimba oba ebifo ebifulumya omukka.

Tewali na kimu ku bino ekibaawo kyenkanyi. Obutoffaali obuli mu lunyiriri lwo olw’omuddiring’anwa nga bukola ebbugumu oba nga butandika n’obusobozi obutono obutono obw’okukaddiwa amangu. Oluvannyuma lw'omwaka gumu oba ebiri, "matched" pack yo tekyakwatagana. Akatoffaali akanafu kassa ekkomo ku lunyiriri lwonna nga lufulumye era ne kakola nnyo nga kagezaako okusigala nga kakola. Okufa spiral okuva awo.

okugezesa ekyo mu butuufu kitegeeza ekintu .

IEC 62660 n’omutindo gwa UL ogw’enjawulo bikuwa omusingi. Ebyo biyise era osobola okusindika ekintu. Naye ndabye cells ACE certification testing ate ne ndaba mu Field Returns oluvannyuma lw’emyezi mukaaga n’ensawo ezizimba.

Ebigezo by’okuweebwa satifikeeti bikoleddwa okusobola okuddibwamu mu laabu zonna, so si kukoppa kukozesa kwa nnamaddala. Tewali akozesa ssimu ye ku 0.5c constant current ddala. Tewali asasuza kikozesebwa kye eky'amasannyalaze ku CC-CV profile etuukiridde ku 25℃.

Bw’oba ​​siriyaasi okutegeera engeri pack yo gy’egenda okukolamu, olina okuzimba enkola y’okugezesa ekwatagana n’omukozesa wo yennyini. Profile current yo esuubirwa. Muteekemu ebiseera by’okuwummula. Kuba ebbugumu erisukkiridde ekintu kyo kijja kulaba. Dduka obutoffaali obumala okufuna obwesige bw’emitindo - era ekyo kitegeeza waakiri 15-20 buli mbeera y’okugezesebwa, so si 3-5 abatandisi abasinga gye bagezaako okuwona.

Obutoffaali obugwa nga bukyali mu bulamu kumpi bulijjo bwalina obulema mu kukola. Burrs ku electrode, obucaafu, bad welds ku tabs. Ebyo bijja kulabika mu cycle 50 ezisooka. Obutoffaali obulemererwa okulwawo - obwo bwe bukubuulira ekintu ku dizayini yo.

Pack Sizing ne Waranti Okubala .

Osobola okubala obulamu bwa cycle obusuubirwa singa omanya profile yo ey'omukozesa. Essimu efuna charge buli lunaku, mpozzi efulumya amazzi okutuuka ku 20% ku average nga tennaba kugiteeka mu - ekyo kiri roughly 0.8 cycles buli lunaku. Ku bulamu obusuubirwa bubiri{5{5}}, otunuulira enzirukanya 580. Singa obutoffaali bwo bupimibwa ku cycle 500 okutuuka ku 80% capacity, ogenda kutandika okulaba okwemulugunya nga omwezi 18.

Eno y’ensonga lwaki Apple ne Samsung oversize packs zaabwe okusinziira ku busobozi obulangibwa. "100%" gy'olaba ku ssimu yo si 100% ku ekyo obutoffaali kye buyinza okukwata mu butuufu. Zikuuma buffer waggulu ne wansi okukendeeza ku situleesi ku butoffaali. Essimu yo eyinza okuba n’obusobozi bwa 4500mAh naye software ekusobozesa okukozesa 4000mAh yokka.

Ekirowoozo kye kimu kikola ku kintu kyonna ekya bbaatule. Osobola okukuba ekigendererwa kyo eky'obulamu bw'enzirukanya n'obutoffaali obulungi - obugula ssente nnyingi - oba osobola okukikuba ng'oteeka obusobozi obw'enjawulo n'okuddukanya obutoffaali mu ngeri ennyangu. Ekyokubiri kitera okuwangula ku muwendo gwonna ng’ossa mu nkola mu tterekero lya warranty.

Enzirukanya y’okufulumya y’engeri yokka ey’okugera omuwendo gw’okwambala. Okufaananako mayiro za odometer ku mmotoka, naye enkolagana wakati wa mayiro n’obulamu obusigaddewo eri squishier. Packs bbiri ku 300 cycles zisobola okuba n’obusobozi obw’enjawulo ddala obusigadde okusinziira ku ngeri gye zaatuuka eyo.

Abakola obutoffaali bajja kukuwa ennamba zaabwe. Omulimu gwo kwe kuzuula engeri ennamba ezo gye zivvuunulwamu ekintu kyo ekigere n’abakozesa bo abamu. Tewali nkola ya ekyo. Ogezesa, osindika, olaba data y’ennimiro, n’otereeza.