Liquid electrolyte kye ki?
Ekirungo ky’amasannyalaze eky’amazzi
(1) Ekirungo ky’eddagala Ekisengejja ky’obusannyalazo eky’amazzi era kiyitibwa ekisengejjero ky’obusannyalazo. Kiba kirungo kya mazzi kya kiramu ekitera okukozesebwa mu bbaatule za lithium-ion, era ekimanyiddwa nga ekirungo ky’amazzi ekitali-amazzi. Obusannyalazo obw’amazzi ag’obutonde bukolebwa omunnyo gwa lithium, ekizimbulukusa ekiramu, n’ebirungo ebigattibwamu.
1 Omunnyo gwa lithium: okusinga guwa ion ezitambuza. Lithium hexafluorophosphate gwe munnyo gwa lithium ogusinga okukozesebwa mu bbaatule za lithium-ion ez’ettunzi. LiPF6 omulongoofu ye kirisitaalo enjeru, etabulwa mu biwunyiriza ebiramu nga low-alkyl ethers, nitriles, pyridine esters, ketones, ne alcohols, naye etabulwa kitono mu biwunyiriza ebiramu nga alkanes ne benzene. LiPF6 electrolyte erina obutambuzi obw’amaanyi ennyo; ku 20℃, obutambuzi bwa EC+DMC (omugerageranyo gw’obuzito 1:1) busobola okutuuka ku 10×10-2S/cm. Obutambuzi butera okutuuka ku kigero kyabwo ekisingako nga obuzito bw’obusannyalazo buli kumpi ne 1mol/L. LiPF6 erina omulimu gw’amasannyalaze ogutebenkedde era tevunda mukung’aanya wa kasasiro. Wabula LiPF6 erina ebbugumu eritali ddene era evunda mangu mu mazzi, nga kyetaagisa okufuga ennyo obunnyogovu obuli mu butonde nga bw’eteekateeka n’okugikozesa.
2 Ebizimbulukusa ebiramu: Omulimu gwabyo omukulu kwe kusaanuusa eminnyo gya lithium, okusobozesa amasannyalaze g’omunnyo gwa lithium okukola ion ezitambuza.
Ebizimbulukusa ebisinga okukozesebwa mulimu propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ne diethyl carbonate.
Okutwalira awamu ebizimbulukusa eby’obutonde birondebwa olw’obutakyukakyuka bwabyo obwa dielectric constant n’obuzito bwabyo obutono. Enkyukakyuka ya dielectric esingako efuula eminnyo gya lithium okwangu okusaanuuka n’okukutuka; obuzito obutono buvaamu okutambula kwa ion okw’amangu. Naye mu butuufu, ebizimbulukusa ebirina obutakyukakyuka bwa dielectric ebingi biba n’obuzito bwa waggulu, ate ebisengejja ebirina obuzito obutono birina obutakyukakyuka bwa dielectric obutono. N’olwekyo, kizibu ekizimbulukusa kimu okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo bino byonna omulundi gumu. Battery za lithium-ion zitera okukozesa omutabula gw’ebizimbulukusa ebiramu ebirina obutakyukakyuka bwa dielectric ebingi n’ebyo ebirina obuzito obutono okusasula obusobozi bwa buli kitundu. Okugeza, EC carbonates zirina dielectric constants nnyingi, nga kino kya mugaso mu kusengejja omunnyo gwa lithium, ate DMC, DEC, ne EMC carbonates zirina viscosity entono, ekiyamba okulongoosa omutindo gw’okutambula kwa lithium ions.
3 Ebirungo ebigattibwako: Okutwalira awamu bikola kinene mu kulongoosa n’okutumbula omulimu gw’amasannyalaze n’obukuumi bw’ekirungo ky’amasannyalaze. Okutwalira awamu, ebirungo ebigattibwa birina emirimu esatu emikulu: aa Okulongoosa omulimu gw’oluwuzi lwa SEI, gamba nga okugattako vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl sulfite (ES), ne SO2; b. Ziyiza okucaajinga okusukkiridde (ng’ossaamu biphenyl) n’okufulumya okusukkiridde-; c. Ebirungo ebiziyiza ennimi z’omuliro bisobola okuziyiza bbaatule okwokya oba okubwatuka mu mbeera ey’ebbugumu erisukkiridde, gamba ng’okugattako ebiziyiza ennimi z’omuliro ebirina halogen, ebiziyiza ennimi z’omuliro ebisinziira ku phosphorus-, n’ebiziyiza ennimi z’omuliro ebikoleddwa mu bikozesebwa; d. Kendeeza ku mazzi aga trace n’ebirimu HF mu electrolyte.
