Obulamu bwa bbaatule ya lithium bwe buliwa?
Ggaaliobulamu
Obulamu bw’enzirukanya (cycle life) kigerageranyo kikulu nnyo mu kwekenneenya obulungi bwa tekinologiya-obulungi bw’ebyenfuna bya bbaatule. Enzirukanya emu ey’ekisannyalazo n’okufulumya eyitibwa cycle oba period. Wansi w’enfuga eweereddwa ey’okufulumya, omuwendo gw’enzirukanya bbaatule esobola okugumira nga obusobozi bwayo bukendedde ku muwendo ogulagiddwa guyitibwa obulamu bwagwo obw’enzirukanya oba obulamu bwayo obw’okuweereza.
Obulamu bw’enzirukanya bukosebwa obuziba bwa bbaatule (DOD), n’olwekyo, okwolesebwa kw’obulamu bw’enzirukanya nakyo kirina okulaga DOD. Okugeza, obulamu bw’enzirukanya ya bbaatule bwa 400 cycles/100% DOD oba 1000 cycles/50% DOD. Obulamu bw’enkulungo bwawukana mu bika bya bbaatule eby’enjawulo, era n’ebintu ebiva mu lunyiriri lwe lumu era ebikwata ku nsonga eno bisobola okuba n’obulamu obw’enjawulo obw’enjawulo. Mu bbaatule ezikozesebwa ennyo, battery za zinki-zilina enzirukanya esinga obumpi, okutwalira awamu 30-100 cycles zokka; lead-battery za asidi zirina obulamu bwa cycle bwa 300-500 cycles; Era bbaatule za lithium-ion zirina obulamu bw’obuweereza obuwanvu, ng’obulamu bw’enzirukanya busukka enzirukanya 1000.
Nga enzirukanya ya chajingi n’okufulumya eyeyongera, okuvunda kw’obusobozi bwa bbaatule ey’okubiri nkola eteewalika. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga mu kiseera kya chajingi-efulumya enzirukanya, enkola ezimu ezitakyukakyuka zibeerawo munda mu bbaatule, ekivaako obusobozi bw’okufulumya bbaatule okukendeera. Ensonga zino ezitakyukakyuka okusinga ze zino wammanga:
1) Ekitundu ky’okungulu ekikola eky’ekisannyalazo kikendeera obutasalako mu kiseera kya chajingi-enzirukanya y’okufuuwa, ekivaako okweyongera mu density ya current ekola ne polarization.
2) Ebintu ebikola nga bikola oba bitambula okuva mu kiyungo.
3) Ebimu ku bikozesebwa mu kukozesa obusannyalazo bivunda nga bbaatule ekola.
4) Dendrites zikola ku electrode nga zitambula, ekivaako micro-enkulungo ennyimpi munda mu bbaatule.
5) Okukaddiwa n’okwambala kwa separator.
6) Enkyukakyuka za kirisitaalo ezitakyukakyuka zibeerawo mu kintu ekikola mu kiseera kya chajingi-enzirukanya y’okufuuwa, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku nkola yaakyo.
Obulamu bw'okutereka .
Batteries zifuna enkyukakyuka mu busobozi oluvannyuma lw’okutereka okumala ebbanga; Engeri eno emanyiddwa nga okutereka. Wadde nga tewali masannyalaze gafulumizibwa mu kiseera ky’okutereka, okwefuula-bulijjo okufuluma kubaawo munda mu bbaatule. Ne mu kutereka okukalu, okusiba okutali kumala kuyinza okusobozesa obunnyogovu, empewo, ne kaboni dayokisayidi okuyingira, ne kivaako okukulukuta kw’ebintu ebikola ebitali binywevu mu bbugumu ku bisannyalazo ebirungi n’ebibi, ekivaako ensengekera z’okwokya-okukendeera kw’amasannyalaze n’okufiirwa kw’amasoboza. Kino kisingako n’okumanyibwa mu kutereka amazzi. Obunene bw’okwefuula kuno-bulagibwa ng’ekiseera ekitwala obusobozi bwa bbaatule okukka ku busobozi obumu obulambikiddwa, obumanyiddwa nga okutereka (oba obulamu bw’ebintu).
