Battery ya lithium ewangaala ki?
Ggaaliobulamu
Obulamu bw’enzirukanya kikulu nnyo mu kwekenneenya obulungi bw’ebyenfuna bya bbaatule mu tekinologiya-. Enzirukanya emu eya chajingi n’okufulumya eyitibwa enzirukanya oba ekiseera. Mu nkola y’okufulumya eweereddwa, omuwendo gw’enzirukanya bbaatule z’esobola okugumira nga obusobozi bwayo tebunnagwa ku muwendo ogulagirwa guyitibwa obulamu bwayo obw’enzirukanya oba obulamu bw’okuweereza.
Obulamu bw’enzirukanya bukosebwa Depth of Discharge (DOD) ya bbaatule, n’olwekyo, okwolesebwa kw’obulamu bw’enzirukanya nakyo kirina okulaga DOD. Okugeza, obulamu bw’enzirukanya ya bbaatule bwa cycles 400/100% DOD oba cycles 1000/50% DOD. Obulamu bw’enzirukanya bwawukana mu bika bya bbaatule eby’enjawulo, era n’ebintu eby’omuddiring’anwa n’ebiragiro bye bimu bisobola okuba n’obulamu bw’enzirukanya obw’enjawulo ennyo. Mu bbaatule ezikozesebwa ennyo, bbaatule za zinki-ffeeza ze zirina obulamu bw’enzirukanya obutono, okutwalira awamu enzirukanya 30-100 zokka; Battery za lead-acid zirina obulamu bw’enzirukanya bwa cycles 300-500; ne bbaatule za lithium-ion zirina obulamu obuwanvu obw’okukola, nga obulamu bwa cycle busukka cycles 1000.
Nga enzirukanya za chajingi n’okufulumya zeeyongera, okuvunda kw’obusobozi bwa bbaatule ey’okubiri nkola eteewalika. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga mu kiseera ky’enzirukanya y’okufulumya chajingi-, enkola ezimu ezitakyukakyuka zibaawo munda mu bbaatule, ekivaako okukendeera kw’obusobozi bw’okufulumya bbaatule. Ensonga zino ezitakyuka okusinga ze zino wammanga:
1) Ekitundu ky’okungulu ekikola ekya electrode kikendeera obutasalako mu kiseera ky’enzirukanya y’okufulumya charge-, ekivaako okweyongera mu density ya current ekola n’okuwunyiriza.
2) Ekintu ekikola (active material) kyekutula oba kisenguka okuva ku electrode.
3) Ebintu ebimu eby’obusannyalazo bikulukuta nga bbaatule ekola.
4) Dendrites zitondebwa ku electrode mu kiseera ky’okutambula, ne zireeta micro-short circuits munda mu bbaatule.
5) Okukaddiwa n’okwambala eky’okwawula.
6) Enkyukakyuka mu nkula ya kirisitaalo ezitakyuka zibaawo mu kintu ekikola mu kiseera ky’enzirukanya y’okufulumya chajingi-, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku nkola yaakyo.
Obulamu bw’okutereka
Battery zifuna enkyukakyuka mu busobozi oluvannyuma lw’okuzitereka okumala ebbanga; engeri eno emanyiddwa nga omulimu gw’okutereka. Newankubadde nga tewali maanyi ga masannyalaze gafulumizibwa mu kiseera ky’okutereka, okwe-okufuluma bulijjo kubaawo munda mu bbaatule. Ne mu kutereka enkalu, okusiba okutamala kuyinza okusobozesa obunnyogovu, empewo, ne kaboni dayokisayidi okuyingira, ne kivaako okukulukuta kw’ebintu ebikola ebitali binywevu mu bbugumu ku busannyalazo obulungi n’obubi, ekivaako ensengekera z’okukendeeza okisigyeni-n’okufiirwa amaanyi. Kino kyeyoleka nnyo mu kutereka ebintu ebibisi. Obunene bw’okufuluma kuno okw’okwe-bulagibwa ng’obudde obutwala obusobozi bwa bbaatule okukka okutuuka ku busobozi obumu obulagiddwa, obumanyiddwa nga obulamu bw’okutereka (oba obulamu bw’okutereka).
