Omulimu gw’okusiibulwa kye ki?
Enkola y’okusiibulwa
Okwefuula-okusiibulwa
Self-discharge kitegeeza ekintu obusobozi bwa bbaatule obukozesebwa bwe bukendeera mu ngeri ey’otoma olw’enkolagana y’eddagala ey’okwekolako oba etagenderere munda mu bbaatule. Okusinga kizingiramu ensengekera za redox ezeetongodde mu bintu by’obusannyalazo. Ku busannyalazo bubiri, obusannyalazo obubi (negative electrode) businga kufuna kwe-okufuluma, okwonoona ebintu ebikola. Battery self-discharge ekwatagana nnyo n'embeera y'okutereka battery.
Omuwendo gw'okusiibulwa okwe-
Self-discharge rate kitegeeza omuwendo bbaatule kw’efiirwa obusobozi bwe yeefulumya mu mbeera ezitaliimu-load mu kiseera ky’okutereka. Omuwendo gw’okufuluma kwennyini-gulagibwa nga ebitundu ku kikumi eby’okukendeeza ku busobozi bwa bbaatule buli yuniti y’obudde (omwezi oba omwaka).
Mu nsengekera, Ah1 ekiikirira obusobozi bwa bbaatule mu kiseera ky’okutereka (A·h);
Ah_b ekiikirira obusobozi bwa bbaatule oluvannyuma lw’okutereka (A·h);
t ekiikirira obudde bbaatule bw’emala okutereka (emyezi oba emyaka).
Okutwalira awamu omuwendo gw’okufuluma kw’okwe-gukwatagana n’obudde n’ebbugumu ly’ekifo. Ebbugumu ly’ekifo gye likoma okuba waggulu, ekintu eky’okufuluma (self-discharge phenomenon gye kikoma okweyoleka. N’olwekyo bbaatule zirina okuddamu okucaajinga buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera nga ziterekeddwa okumala ebbanga eddene ne ziterekebwa mu mbeera ennungi ey’ebbugumu n’obunnyogovu.
Obuziba bw’okufulumya
Depth of Discharge (DOD) bye bitundu ku kikumi eby’obusobozi bw’okufulumya ku busobozi obugereddwa, era enkolagana yaayo ey’okubala ne State of Charge (SOC) eri bweti:
DOD=1-S0C
Obuziba bw’okufulumya bulina kinene kye bukola ku bulamu bwa bbaatule ey’okubiri. Okutwalira awamu, obuziba bw’okufulumya bbaatule ey’okubiri gye bukoma okuba obuwanvu, n’obulamu bwayo gye bukoma okubeera obutono. N’olwekyo, okufulumya bbaatule ez’okubiri mu buziba kulina okwewalibwa nga bwe kisoboka ng’okozesa bbaatule.
Enkola y’okufulumya amazzi
Enkola y’okufulumya etegeeza embeera ez’enjawulo eziragiddwa mu kiseera ky’okufulumya bbaatule, okusinga omuli omuwendo gw’okufulumya (akasannyalazo), vvulovumenti y’okuggwaako, n’ebbugumu.
(1) Discharge current Discharge current kitegeeza obunene bwa current nga bbaatule efuluma. Obunene bw’akasannyalazo akafuluma bukosa butereevu ebiraga emirimu egy’enjawulo egya bbaatule. N’olwekyo, nga oyingiza obusobozi oba amaanyi ga bbaatule, obunene bwa kasasiro w’okufulumya n’embeera y’okufulumya birina okulagibwa. Discharge current etera okulagibwa nga discharge rate, ekitegeeza rate battery kw’efulumya. Kiyinza okulagibwa mu ngeri bbiri: omuwendo gw’ekiseera n’omuwendo gw’omukubisa.
Omuwendo gw’obudde gwe muwendo gw’okufulumya ogulagibwa mu budde bw’okufulumya (h), kwe kugamba, obudde (h) obwetaagisa okufulumya obusobozi obugereddwa ku kasasiro w’okufulumya agamu. Kitera okulagibwa nga C/n, nga C ye busobozi obugereddwa ate n ye kasasiro w’okufulumya agakakafu. Omuwendo gw’obudde era guyitibwa omuwendo gwa ssaawa. Okugeza, singa obusobozi obugereddwa obwa bbaatule buba 50A·h, era n’efulumya ku kasasiro wa 5A, olwo omuwendo gw’obudde guba 50A·h/5A=10h, era bbaatule kigambibwa nti efulumya ku sipiidi ya ssaawa 10. Nga bwe kiyinza okulabibwa okuva mu nkola y’okubalirira, ekiseera ekikiikirirwa omuwendo gw’okufulumya gye kikoma okuba ekitono, akasannyalazo k’okufulumya gye kekoma okuba akanene; okwawukana ku ekyo, ekiseera ekikiikirirwa omuwendo gw’okufulumya gye kikoma okuba ekiwanvu, akasannyalazo k’okufulumya gye kakoma okuba akatono.
Omuwendo gw’okufulumya mu butuufu gutegeeza akasannyalazo akafuluma bbaatule bw’efulumya obusobozi bwayo obugereddwa mu kiseera ekigere. Mu kubala yenkana omukubisaamu gw’obusobozi obugereddwa. Okugeza, omuwendo gw’okufulumya ogwa 3C kitegeeza nti akasannyalazo akafuluma kakubisaamu emirundi esatu ku busobozi obugereddwa. Singa obusobozi bwa bbaatule buba 15A·h, olwo akasannyalazo akafuluma kalina okuba...
Mu ngeri eya bulijjo, emiwendo gy’okufulumya wansi wa 1/3C gitwalibwa nga gya wansi-omutindo, 1/3C okutuuka ku 3C gya wakati-omutindo, ate waggulu wa 3C giba gya waggulu-omutindo.
(2) Okukomya okufuluma Voltage y’okukomya okufulumya ekwatagana butereevu n’ebintu bya bbaatule era ekosebwa ensonga ez’enjawulo nga ensengeka ya bbaatule, omutindo gw’okufulumya, n’ebbugumu ly’ekifo. Okutwalira awamu, mu kiseera ky’ebbugumu eritono, ery’okufuluma kw’amasannyalaze amangi, okuwunyiriza kw’obusannyalazo kuli waggulu, ebintu ebikola tebisobola kukozesebwa mu bujjuvu, era vvulovumenti ya bbaatule ekka mangu. N’olwekyo, vvulovumenti y’okukomya esobola okulagibwa wansi mu kiseera ky’ebbugumu eritono- oba ery’okufuluma kwa kasasiro (high-rate). Mu kiseera ky’okufuluma kwa kasasiro okutono-, okuwunyiriza kw’obusannyalazo kuba kutono, ebintu ebikola bisobola okukozesebwa mu bujjuvu, era vvulovumenti y’okukomya esobola okulagibwa waggulu.
Ng’oggyeeko ebiraga omutindo omukulu waggulu, bbaatule era yeetaagibwa obutaba ya butwa, obutaleeta bucaafu oba kukulukuta ku butonde obugyetoolodde, okuba nga terina bulabe bwonna mu kukozesa, okuba n’omutindo omulungi ogw’okucaajinga n’okukola obulungi mu kucaajinga, okuba nga tegugumira kukankana-, obutaba na buzibu mu kujjukira, obutafaayo ku nkyukakyuka mu bbugumu ly’ekifo, era nga nnyangu okutereeza n’okulabirira.
