Enkola ya bbaatule egezesa ki?

field service guy ayita mu kugamba nti forklift tegenda kukola power ku. BMS yasibye ebweru. Kasitoma ng’anenya bbaatule. Kizuuka nti waliwo eyavudde mu paaka ng’atudde mu sitoowa etabuguma mu nnaku enkulu, ebbugumu ne likka wansi w’omusingi, era enkola n’egaana okuggala abakwatagana abakulu. Okukola nga bwe kyakolebwa. Oyo ye battery system okugezesa okukola omulimu gwayo.

Okugezesa enkola ya bbaatule kukwata ku bintu bisatu ebibeerawo okusinga ebitalabika eri omukozesa enkomerero: okwefuula-okuzuula nga pack tennagenda butereevu, okulondoola insulation nga ekola, n'okukakasa interlock ekikakasa nti tewali kiyimiriziddwa. Buli emu ebeerawo kubanga waliwo ekikyamu mu nnimiro, emirundi mingi ekimala ne kifuuka ekyetaagisa eky’omutindo. GB 18384-2020 mu China, ISO 6469-3 mu nsi yonna. Bino si bye biteeso.

 okwefuula -okuzuula obulwadde nga tebunnabaawo kintu kirala kyonna .

Bw’okyusa switch y’ekisumuluzo ku forklift ey’amasannyalaze, BMS tekoma ku kukuba contactors n’eggalawo n’essuubi okusinga. Waliwo omutendera ogusoose okudduka, ebiseera ebisinga guggwa mu sikonda ezitasukka ttaano, oluusi amangu. Enkola eno elonda buli kibinja ky’obutoffaali ku vvulovumenti n’ebbugumu, ekebera nti ebipande by’abaddu biwuliziganya, era bikola okuzuula okukwatagana kwa contactor nga tebannaba kugezaako kuggalawo kintu kyonna.

Eddirisa lya vvulovumenti linywezeddwa. Voltage ya cell erina okutuula wakati wa 2.0V ne 4.5V oba pack tegenda kugenda live. Ebbugumu lya modulo liri -40℃okutuuka ku 80℃. Zino si namba za kimpowooze eziggyibwa mu spec sheet. Wansi 2V kitegeeza nti akatoffaali kafuluma nnyo oba okwonooneka, toyagala kukaka current okuyita mu ekyo. Waggulu wa 4.5V kitegeeza ensobi esukkiridde oba okupima, mu ngeri yonna ekintu kikyamu. Tulabye packs nga zikomawo ne cell emu ku 4.6V ate endala zaali za bulijjo. Manufacturing Defect Mu katoffaali, BMS yagikwata nga tennafuuka ya bbugumu.

Okuzuula okunywerera ku contactor kufuna okubuusibwa amaaso okutuusa nga kikulu. Okugezesebwa kukola nga kupima vvulovumenti okuyita mu bitundu bya contactor nga contactor edugirwa open. Voltage present kitegeeza current ekulukuta, ekitegeeza contactor welded nga eggaddwa mu kiseera previous high-current event. Tesobola kufuga contactor eya welded. Tekisobola kuggyako pack mu ngeri ey’obukuumi. Forklift egaana okutandika kinyiiza. Forklift egaana okuzikira kya bulabe.

 Okulondoola insulation kukwata ku leakage current, si resistance yokka .

Enkola za bbaatule eza vvulovumenti enkulu zitengejja okusinziira ku chassis y’emmotoka. Tewali kakwate konna mu bugenderevu wakati wa bbaasi ya DC ne ground. Insulation bw'emenya-Okuyingira kw'obunnyogovu, okwambala kwa waya, okufuuka obucaafu-kaati atandika okukulukuta okutuuka ku chassis. Koona ku surface enkyamu mu kiseera ekikyamu ofuuke ekitundu ku circuit eyo. Eno y’ensonga lwaki GB 18384-2020 yeetaaga ekitono ennyo 100Ω buli vvulovumenti ya system. Pack ya 500V yeetaaga waakiri 50kω wakati wa oba pole ne chassis ground.

Okubala kuva mu IEC/TR 60479-1, okwassaawo 2MA ng’omusingi okutegeera kw’omuntu ku masanyalaze we kutandikira. Kuuma okukulukuta wansi w’ekyo era okukwatagana si kwa bulabe mangu. Waggulu w’ekyo n’ebintu byeyongera okusajjuka. Omutindo gukuwa engineering margin okukola nayo.

Enkola nnya ziriwo okupima okuziyiza okuziyiza mu nkola y’emmotoka. Enkola ya vvulovumenti ey’obuyambi yeetaaga ensibuko ya 110V DC ey’ebweru, ekaluubiriza enkola, era tesobola kwawula kikondo ki ekirina ensobi. Enkola ya sensa ya current ekola nga load current ekulukuta, etaliimu mugaso mu kiseera kya pre-okutandika okukebera. Enkola ya bridge resistance y’eyo BMS ezisinga ez’emmotoka kye zikozesa kati. Yunga resistors ezipimiddwa wakati wa DC bus ne chassis, switch wakati wa configurations, bala insulation okuva ku voltage dividers ezivaamu. Ekola obutasalako mu kiseera ky’okukola naye erina ekifo ekizibe nga okuziyiza kwa pole positive ne negative kutuuka okwenkana.

Enkola y’okukuba empiso ya vvulovumenti etereeza ekifo ekyo ekizibe nga kiteeka akabonero ka AC aka wansi-Frequency-ebiseera ebisinga 10 ku 100Hz-ku nkulungo ya vvulovumenti eya waggulu n’okuddamu kw’okupima ku chassis reference. emirimu awatali kufaayo ku symmetry mu insulation degradation. Ekola ne bwe kiba nti bbaatule ekutuddwa ku mugugu. Ebisinga okuzibu okussa mu nkola, ebivaamu ebituufu ennyo.

Enkola yonna gy’okozesa, BMS yeetaaga okubaako ky’ekola n’amawulire. Okuziyiza waggulu wa 500Ω/v, okukola okwa bulijjo. Wakati wa 100Ω/V ne 500Ω/V, okulabula ku dashiboodi, mpozzi okukugira emirimu egimu. Wansi wa 100Ω/V, embeera y’ensobi. Oba enkola esala amasannyalaze mu bwangu oba ekkiriza ddereeva okukonziba awaka kisinziira ku sipiidi y’emmotoka n’engeri y’okukolamu. Toyagala forklift okufa mid-Lift nga pallet mu bbanga.

 High voltage interlock loop ekwata ebizibu by’ebyuma .

Okulondoola okuziyiza kukwata ku kuvunda mpolampola. HVIL ekwata okukutuka okw’amangu. Ekiyungo kyasimbudde mu kiseera ky’okutomeragana. Ekibikka ku ndabirira kiggiddwawo nga togoberedde nkola ya kuggala. Cable eyakankana okuva mu latch yaayo.

Enkola eno ekola siginiini ya low voltage pilot okuyita mu ppini eziweereddwayo ku buli muyungiro gwa vvulovumenti ogwa waggulu-mu nkola. Pini zino nnyimpi mu byuma okusinga ku zikwatagana n’amaanyi. Bw’oggyamu ekiyungo, ekiyungo kya interlock kye kisooka okuggulawo, contacts z’amaanyi zaawukana mu kyokubiri. BMS elaba circuit eggule, era eragirira contactors zonna nga ziggule, voltage eya waggulu egwa nga amaanyi tegannaba kukwatagana mu mubiri. Tewali arc ku face ya connector. Tewali bulabe eri omukugu.

Topologies bbiri ziriwo. Series Loop egatta buli nsonga ekwatagana mu nkulungo emu egenda mu maaso. Simple wiring, one break anywhere eggulawo loopu yonna, naye tosobola kumanya connector ki efunye obuzibu nga tekyekebejja mu mubiri. Parallel monitoring over can lets buli connector okuloopa embeera yaayo eyetongodde. Waya ezisingako, obuzibu obusingako, naye omanyi bulungi ekizibu we kiri. Okusima eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’okuyamba ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi bitera okutuuka ku nkola ya parallel kubanga ebyuma binene era ensobi localization ekekkereza obudde.

Emitendera egya bulijjo egy’okulemererwa Tulaba: Pin corrosion okuva mu bunnyogovu ingress, insufficient mating force okuva mu worn connector housings, cable okukoowa okuva mu poor routing ekisobozesa repeated flexing. Zino nsonga za kuteeka n’okuddaabiriza, so si nsonga za dizayini, wabula ziraga nga ensobi za HVIL awatali kulowooza ku nsobi ani.

 Lwaki kino kikulu ku mirimu gy'ebidduka .

Pack egaana okutandika si nnyangu. Pack etandika nga tesaana kuba ya bulabe. Okugezesa enkola ya bbaatule kuliwo okuziyiza ekivaamu ekyokubiri nga kikkiriza ekisooka.

Okuzuula obulwadde buno kwongera ku ssente ku BMS. Ebiyungo ebikwatagana (interlock connectors) bigula ssente nnyingi okusinga ebiyungo ebya mutindo. Circuit y’okulondoola insulation yennyini ereeta ekkubo lya resistance erifaanana (parallel resistance path) erikendeeza katono ku nkola y’okuziyiza (system insulation). Zino ze yinginiya tradeoffs eziriwo kubanga eky'okuddako-okusindika packs awatali bukuumi buno-bukola obuvunaanyizibwa tewali ayagala kusitula.

Ku bakasitoma abeekenneenya abagaba bbaatule, ebibuuzo by’olina okubuuza si bya kemiko ya cell oba cycle life claims. Ebyo bikulu, naye nga bya table stakes. Ebibuuzo ebiraga obusobozi bw’abagaba ebintu bikwata ku misango egy’oku mabbali. Kiki ekibaawo ku -30℃? Kiki ekibaawo singa ekibinja ky’obutoffaali kiva ku bbalansi nga kitereka? Kiki ekibaawo singa omuntu akuba short mu butanwa sense wires mu kiseera ky'okuddaabiriza? Omugabi alina eby’okuddamu-Eby’okuddamu eby’ekikugu, eby’ekikugu n’ebigezo by’ebigezo-azimbye packs ezimala okulaba ebizibu bino mu nnimiro.

Okugezesa enkola ya bbaatule si kintu kya kulanga. It’s infrastructure ekola bulungi nga tewali kitambula kibi era kikwata ebizibu nga tebinnaba kufuuka bibaddewo nga waliwo ekintu bwe kinaakola. Ekisinga okuvaamu kwe kuba nti tokiraba nti kikola.