Enkola y’okuzzaawo amaanyi mu bbaatule za lithium eri etya?
SEPTA's 2019 installation ekubuulira buli kimu ekikwata ku kifo we tuli ne regenerative systems. Baasuula bbanka ya 1.5 MW lithium-Ion ku substation, ne basika kumpi $500,000 omwaka ogusooka-ekitundu okuva ku ssente z’amasannyalaze ezikendeezeddwa, kitundu okuva ku butale bw’okulungamya frequency (scientificamerican.com). Si lwakuba nti baayiiya ekintu ekipya. Kubanga electrochemistry yatuuka ekiseera n’ekwata ku bayinginiya abatambuza abantu kye babadde baagala okuva mu myaka gya 1920.
Motoka z’amasannyalaze zidduka nga zidda emabega. Ekyo kye kiri. EV yo bw’ekendeeza ku sipiidi, mmotoka efuuka jenereta. Amasoboza ag’ekiddukano gakyuka ne gafuuka akasannyalazo, akasannyalazo kakulukuta mu paaka, obutoffaali buddamu okucaajinga. Tukiyita regenerative braking, naye tewali kya njawulo ku physics-Kye kyokka nti tekinologiya wa battery amaze emyaka mingi ng’ali mpola nnyo, wa bbeeyi nnyo, oba nga mugonvu nnyo okusobola okukola ku minzaani.
Ekizibu ky'obulungi tewali ayogera ku .
Wano we kifunira okunyuma. Motor-as-obulungi bwa generator butambula 85-92%, kisinziira ku sipiidi yo n'omugugu gwo. Inverter's okutwala cut endala, around 95% singa eba ekoleddwa bulungi. Okucaajinga bbaatule kwennyini? 90-95% mu mbeera ennungi. String it together era oli ku 60-70% okutwalira awamu regenerative efficiency.
Sounds terrible okutuusa lw’ojjukira nti eky’okuddako kiri nti friction pads zifuula buli kimu ebbugumu ery’obusaanyi. 60% eky’ekintu kikuba 0% of nothing.
Ekikoma mu butuufu enkola yonna kwe kukkiriza okusasulwa. Lithium ions zirina okusenguka okuva mu cathode okuyita mu electrolyte, ziyingira mu graphite anode. Oyo nkola ya kusaasaana-enkola ekoma. Force current mu bwangu okusinga ions zisobola okuyingiza era ofuna lithium plating-ebyuma ebiterekeddwa ku anode mu kifo ky’okuyingiza obulungi. Atta obusobozi, kasasiro abeera cycle life, worst case akola shorts ez'omunda.
C-Rate ekubuulira amangu ddala akatoffaali kasobola okucaajinga. 1c kitegeeza okusannyalala okujjuvu mu ssaawa emu. LFP Chemistry ekwata 1C ewangaala nga tewali buzibu. NMC's similar, ekyukakyuka n'ebirimu bya nickel. LTO's The Outlier-10C yayimirizaawo kubanga anode chemistry mu musingi ekuba ensonga y'okusiiga. Eno y’ensonga lwaki olaba LTO mu nkola ezirina obwetaavu bwa regen obw’obukambwe, wadde ng’amaanyi g’amaanyi gatwala hit.
Okuddukanya bbaatule ye ssente we zibeera .
BMS si kulondoola kwokka-Ekola okugabanya-Okusalawo okw'okubiri ku kukkiriza n'okusaasaanya mu kiseera kino mu bibinja by'obutoffaali. Pack ng’osemberera mu bujjuvu? Headroom ya Regen current ebula. Enkola ezisinga zitandika okukoma ku 90-95% embeera ya chajingi, ziremesa ddala okumpi ne maximum voltage. Bw’oba ovuze EV, kino okimanyi: Leka ekkubo lyo ery’emmotoka ng’olina bbaatule ejjudde ate Regen awulira nga munafu okumala mayiro ezisooka.
Temperature's the other constraint tewali ayagala kukola ku. Wansi wa 10℃, ionic mobility mu electrolyte egwa. Enkola zikoma ku regen current okuziyiza plating. Genda nnyogovu ekimala era Regen n’aggalawo ddala okutuusa nga pack ebuguma.
Abaddukanya embeera y’obudde ennyogovu bamanyi kino-eddakiika 15 ku 20 nga bavuga nga obusobozi bwa regen obujjuvu tebunnadda. SAE's Air6897 ekwata ku ludda lw'eby'omu bbanga olwa kino, naye emisingi okwetoloola okufuga chajingi n'okuddukanya ebbugumu givvuunulwa butereevu mu mmotoka ez'oku ttaka.
Awali emiwendo gy’okudda engulu gye gikulu .
EV z'abasaabaze mu kibuga? 15-25% Okudda engulu. Ensibuko. Bbaasi z’amasannyalaze ezikola amakubo agatali gakyukakyuka? Awo we kituukira ddala. BYD bbaasi ku Antelope Valley Transit Authority-37.3% okudda engulu ku mutindo gwa ffuuti 40, 40.2% ku ffuuti 60 eziwandiikiddwa. Oyo duty cycle is perfect for regen: okukendeera ennyo okuva ku sipiidi ezitakyukakyuka.
Okukozesa mu makolero kuddukanya okubala okw’enjawulo. Forklifts nga zikola obutasalako okusitula-obugaali obutono, loole ezisima nga zikka okuva ku rim y’ebinnya okutuuka mu kifo we zirongoosa nga zirina emigugu emijjuvu. Okukyusa amasoboza agayinza okubaawo mu mbeera ezo kuyinza okuba okw’amaanyi.
Robin Zeng ku CATL fuleemu eno okusinga abasinga obungi: omuwendo gwa buli cycle, si upfront price (rolandberger.com). Battery gy’etwala amaanyi, gy’evuga, engeri gy’ekolamu ku bulamu. Ekyo kye kikulu mu nkola za Regen-oba obutoffaali busobola okukwata ebiwujjo ebitera okusannyalala awatali kuvunda.
Ekikondo ky'okutyoboola eggwanga kyewuunyisa abantu .
Wandirowoozezza nti high-ebiwujjo bya regen ebiriwo kati byandiyanguyiza okukaddiwa. Data egamba mu ngeri endala. Amaanyi ga buleeki agazzaamu amaanyi aga waggulu mu butuufu gakwatagana n’okukendeera kw’okukendeera. Enkola ye buziba bw’okufulumya-Regen bw’ekwata amasoboza agasingawo ag’okukendeeza, bbaatule ekola enzirukanya ezitali nnene, okutambula okuzitowa okutono. Okuva deep discharge evuga obusobozi okufa mu lithium-obutoffaali obukola, regen enkambwe esobola okugaziya obulamu.
Ebbugumu mu kiseera kya Regen likyali kikulu. Battery ennyogovu yenkana sluggish intercalation, higher plating probability. Battery eyokya eyanguwa ensengekera z’ebbali ku kiyungo ky’amasannyalaze-electrolyte interface. BMS thermal models adjust allowable regen current nga yesigamiziddwa ku bbugumu ly’obutoffaali eryalagulwa, naye obutuufu bw’ekyokulabirako businziira nnyo ku kuteeka sensa n’enkola ya algorithm. Wano w’olaba enjawulo wakati w’okussa mu nkola ku buseere n’ebirungi.
Okulonda kwa kemiko si kumu-Size-atuuka ku-Byonna. LFP ekuweereza obulamu obulungi ennyo obw’enzirukanya n’obutebenkevu bw’ebbugumu ku miwendo gy’emisolo egy’ekigero-okukozesebwa kwa fleet gigyagala. NMC esuubula ebimu ku ebyo ku maanyi aga waggulu nga obuzito n’obunene biziyizibwa. LTO esaddaaka ddala amaanyi g’amaanyi naye n’ekuwa okukkirizibwa kw’ekisannyalazo tewali kirala kiyinza kukwatagana. Bbaasi z’okuyita mu bibuga nga zirina enfunda eziwera-okuyimirira kw’okwegomba, mmotoka ezikola nga zirina olugendo-okuleega olunaku-Eyo ye Territory ya LTO.
okugatta enkola kizibu okusinga bwe kirabika .
Motor controller, inverter, BMS, ekidduka ekifuga-Byonna birina okukwasaganya. Ddereeva asitula okuva ku accelerator, ekyo kivaamu okusaba kwa torque. efuna okuvvuunulwa mu kiragiro kya motor current. Inverter eddukanya amasannyalaze agakulukuta okuva ku mmotoka okutuuka ku bbaatule. BMS ekakasa nti bbaatule esobola okukkiriza current eyo nga tetyobodde kkomo ku bukuumi. Ekitundu kyonna kikuba ekiziyiza era ng’ogatta bbuleeki ya friction okukuuma omutindo gw’okukendeeza ku sipiidi.
Enkyukakyuka wakati wa regen ne friction ebeera seamless okuva mu ntebe ya ddereeva, naye control algorithms emabega eyo ya sophisticated. Era olina okulaba voltage ekwatagana-Regen current magnitude esinziira ku njawulo wakati wa motor back-EMF ne battery pack voltage. Sipiidi y’emmotoka enkulu kitegeeza omugongo ogwa waggulu-EMF, ekiyinza okusukka bbaatule vvulovumenti esinga obunene ey’okucaajinga. Design phase erina okubala ebifo ebyo ebikola.
Enkola za blended braking zibeera za mutindo kati mu mmotoka ezikola ebintu. Outomatically proportion wakati wa regen ne friction, maximize recovery ate nga ekuuma enneeyisa y'emmotoka predictable. Obumanyirivu obuliyo bulongoose nnyo mu myaka kkumi egiyise.
Kino kye kitegeeza mu nkola .
Enkulaakulana mu nkola y’enkola y’emirimu, dizayini ya inverter, kkanzu ya bbaatule, okuddukanya ebbugumu, enkola z’okufuga-Empiso yonna etambuza empiso ku bulungibwansi bw’okuzzaawo okutwalira awamu. Enkola ekwatagana ey’enkola enzijuvu y’etuusa okuzzaawo amaanyi.
Okuvuga oluguudo olukulu? Omukisa gwa Regen ogutali mutono. Amakubo agalina okukka okuwanvu oba okuyimirira ennyo? Okuzzaawo amaanyi amangi. Abaddukanya ebidduka era balaba obulamu bw’ebitundu by’ekitundu kya buleeki nga bigaziwa emirundi esatu ku etaano bw’ogeraageranya n’emmotoka eza bulijjo-obuleeki ezisika mu luzzi-EV ekoleddwa zikozesebwa butono mu kuvuga ebibuga.
Ekyatandika ng’omuganyulo ogw’okubiri emyaka amakumi abiri egiyise kati kikulu nnyo mu nsonga y’omuwendo. Physics tekyuse. Tekinologiya wa bbaatule eyeetaagisa okukozesa physics eyo mu ngeri ennungi akuze. Eyo y’enjawulo. SEPTA ekola ekitundu ky'obukadde buli mwaka okuva mu kifo kimu eky'okuteeka essundiro ly'amazzi-Ekyo si ku buyiiya bw'eggaali y'omukka, kikwata ku nkola za lithium-okusembayo okuba ennungi ekimala okukwata ebyaliwo bulijjo.
