Battery ki eza Lithium Ezirina Obulabe? Ekitabo ky'obukuumi eri abaguzi ba B2B
LFP (lithium iron phosphate) mu kiseera kino y’esinga obukuumi mu kukozesa B2B. Naye "safe" ebadde ekozesebwa nnyo abagaba ebintu nga kumpi tekikyategeeza kintu kyonna.Ndabye bbaatule za LFP ezirina dizayini za BMS ez’entiisa n’okukwatagana kw’obutoffaali okutali kwa maanyi bireeta ebizibu bingi nnyo nga kemiko ow’akabi ak’amaanyi-.
Mbadde nkola procurement ne project support mu Polinovel okumala emyaka mukaaga. Mu 2023, omu ku bakasitoma baffe aba AGV yajja gye tuli oluvannyuma lwa bbaatule za LFP ezaali zibadde zitusuubula okutandika okulemererwa. Chemistry yali nnungi. Naye BMS yalina 80mA yokka eya balancing current, era oluvannyuma lw’emyezi mukaaga okusaasaana kwa vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali kwaseeyeeya okutuuka ku 63mV. Pack eno yaleetawo okuggalwa kw’obukuumi wakati mu layini yaabwe ey’okufulumya. Ssaawa nnya ez’okuyimirira. Tebambuulirangako kufiirwa kennyini, naye tebaddamu kugula ku musuubuzi oyo.
Kale ekitundu kino tekikoma ku "kemistry ki ey'akabi." Kikwata ku...engeri y’okumanya oba ddala bbaatule yeesigika, era oba okukekkereza ku nsaasaanya okuva mu nkola ez'ebbeeyi entono kuwona okukwatagana n'emirimu egy'ensi entuufu-.
Chemistry: LFP Esinga Obukuumi, Naye Si Lwa Nsonga Emiko Egisinga Gyogera
Ojja kusoma buli wamu nti okuvunda kw'ebbugumu kwa LFP kubaawo ku diguli 270 ate NMC eri diguli 200 zokka . Kituufu. Naye mu butuufu ku 200℃ebyuma byo byasaanawo dda. Enjawulo eyo eya diguli 70 si y’esinga obukulu.
Ekikulu kiri ntiomutindo gw’okusaasaana kw’okudduka okw’ebbugumu.
Twakola okugezesa okulonda ku pulojekiti ya forklift mu 2022. Twasindika obutoffaali bwombi obwa NCA ne LFP mu laabu okugezesa okudduka okw’ebbugumu. Obutoffaali bwa NCA bwe bwamala okutandika, bwalaga nti ebbugumu lirinnya okusukka diguli 400 buli ddakiika. Okuva ku alamu esooka okutuuka ku nnimi z’omuliro ezirabika mu ddakiika ezitakka wansi wa bbiri. Obutoffaali bwa LFP? Omuwendo gw’okusaasaana nga diguli 1.7 /eddakiika. Okuziyiza omuliro kwalina obudde okukola mu butuufu.
PowerTech Systems erina ekiwandiiko eky’ekikugu nga kijuliza emiwendo gy’okusaasaana kwa NCA okutuuka ku 470℃/min (powertechsystems.eu). Kumpi n’ebyo bye twapima. Eno y’ensonga entuufu lwaki LFP esingako obukuumi:si nti tekijja kulemererwa, wabula nti bwe kiremererwa, olina obudde okukola.
Nze era ndabye ne bbaatule za LFP nga zikwata omuliro. Mu 2024, loole eyali etisse kabineti ezitereka amaanyi ga LFP yagwa mu kibuga Taiwan. Battery zaatuula awo okumala essaawa 16, oluvannyuma ne zikwata omuliro mu ngeri eyeetongodde. Yaddamu okukuma omuliro mu bantu. Yayokebwa okumala essaawa ezisukka mu kkumi. Kale tokitwala nti LFP kitegeeza nti osobola okubuusa amaaso obukuumi.
Omutindo gw’okukola: Wano We Njagala Okumala Ebiseera
Chemistry alondebwa omugabi. Tosobola kukikyusa. Naye omutindo gw’amakolero gusobola okwekebejjebwa, era wano ebizibu ebisinga mu butuufu we biva.
Okukwatagana kw’obutoffaali
Twagaana ebibinja by’obutoffaali bisatu omwaka oguwedde. Byonna olw’okusaasaana kwa vvulovumenti okusukka omutindo gwaffe. Batch emu yava mu supplier amanyiddwa ennyo-. Lipoota yaabwe ey'okugezesa yategeezezza nti "voltage spread<=10mV." Okukebera kwaffe okwayingidde kwazudde 34mV.
Lwaki nfaayo nnyo ku kusaasaana kwa vvulovumenti?
Waliwo thread ku DIY Solar Forum omukozesa "OffGridInverters" gye yakinnyonnyola bulungi:
"Obutoffaali obusukka mu 30mV obusaasaana mu parallel, obwa wansi bufuna over-discharged, obw'amaanyi bufuna overcharged. BMS ekuuma pack voltage yonna, tefaayo ku cells ssekinnoomu kufa."
Omutindo gwaffe oguyingira ye voltage esaasaanyiziddwa wansi wa 15mV, enkyukakyuka ya resistance ey’omunda wansi wa 5%. Si bangi abagaba ebintu abasobola okutuukiriza kino obutakyukakyuka.
Omutindo gw'okuweta
Kino kizibu okukwata. Laser welding ne resistance spot welding birabika kumpi bifaanagana okuva ebweru, naye okwesigamizibwa okw’ekiseera ekiwanvu-kwawukana nnyo.
Namenya pack eyalemererwa omulundi gumu. Yazuuliddwa okwokya okulabika-okuyita mu bubonero ku welds za electrode tab. Ekikyamu eky’ekika kino, BMS tesobola kukizuula. Ebigezo by’omutindo gw’amasannyalaze biraga nti bya bulijjo. Naye oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu oba ebiri, ebiyungo bya weld bikoowa ne birema.
Waliwo ku Reddit r/batteries yatadde ekifaananyi kya battery gyebagguddewo, yasangamu solder joints ennyogovu munda. Ekitundu kya Comment ekijjudde abantu nga bagamba nti baali balabye ekintu kye kimu. Kino tosobola kukikwata mu kiseera ky’okugula. Osobola okulonda omugabi omutuufu yekka.
Okufuga obunnyogovu mu kisenge ekikalu
Kino n’okusingawo kizibu okutegeera. Okukola bbaatule ya lithium kyetaaga obunnyogovu wansi wa 500ppm. Obunnyogovu bukwatagana n’obusannyalazo ne bukola asidi wa hydrofluoric, buvunda ensengekera z’omunda, ne bukola micro-shorts.
Obuzibu buli nti micro-shorts zisobola okusigala nga zisula okumala emyezi, wadde omwaka mulamba, nga tezinnaba kuleeta bikolwa bya bbugumu. Buli kimu kirabika nga kya bulijjo mu kiseera ky’okugezesebwa okukkiriza. Nga wayise emyezi mukaaga, okudduka okw’ebbugumu okw’amangu, era tosobola kutegeera lwaki.
Mbuuzizza abagaba ebintu abawerako ku mutindo gwabwe ogw’okufuga obunnyogovu mu kisenge ekikalu. Abamu tebaasobola kuddamu. Abamu baawadde ennamba ezitategeerekeka. Abagaba ebintu abasobola okundaga ebiwandiiko byabwe eby’okulondoola ekisenge ekikalu? N’okutuusa kati babiri bokka.
BMS: Awali Cheap Okufuna Bbeeyi
Ebilemererwa Ebikwekeddwa
Njagala okujuliza okwekenneenya okukolebwa "MAXIMUM_AMPS," yinginiya w'enkola eziteekeddwa ku Endless Sphere forum. Yakutula ekibinja ky’ebipande bya BMS ebya layisi n’asanga ebizibu ebiwerako ebya bulijjo:
Ekisooka, okukozesa obubi IC ey’obukuumi.
Yuniti nnyingi eza BMS ez'ebbeeyi entono zikozesa chips nga DW01, ekoleddwa okukozesebwa mu nkola ya single-cell. Naye waliwo ttani za 4S, 10S, 14S BMS boards ku katale nga zikozesa chip eno. Buli katoffaali kafuna IC yaako ey’obukuumi eyetongodde. Kiwulikika nga kya magezi, nedda? Ekizibu: singa IC emu eremererwa, cell eyo erina zero protection, era enkola tewa kulabula kwonna.
Omuguwa ogw'olubereberye wano: endless-sphere.com/sphere/threads/circuit-okwekenneenya-ku-bms-buseere-ne-lwaki-ggwe{10}}tolina{11}}kukozesa-emu.103527
Ekyokubiri, balancing current eri wansi nnyo.
Kino ekibiina kya DIY Solar Forum kiteesezzaako nnyo. BMS balancing current eya bulijjo ekola 50 ku 150mA. Kola okubala: 100Ah cell, 1% SOC imbalance eri 1Ah, ku 100mA balancing etwala essaawa 10.
Naye entuufu esingako obubi. BMS nnyingi zikola balancing yokka ku nkomerero ya charge. Singa ebyuma byo bikozesa opportunity charging (plug in for a bit, then unplug), oyinza obutatuuka ku balancing trigger threshold.
Kati twetaaga minimum 500mA active balancing ku pulojekiti yonna ey’ebidduka. Buli pack egula RMB nga 50 ku 70 ezisingako. Naye amasimu gaffe aga service gakendedde nnyo.
Ekyokusatu, okulondoola ebbugumu nga tekulina kye kukola.
BMS eya layisi etera okuteeka thermistor emu ku circuit board. Ebbugumu lya bboodi okusinziira ku bbugumu ly’obutoffaali liyinza okwawukana diguli 15 ku 20. Sensulo y’olubaawo lw’ezuula ebbugumu erisukkiridde, obutoffaali buyinza okuba nga bwafuna dda obuzibu.
Dizayini entuufu kitegeeza sensa z’ebbugumu eziwera, thermistors eziteekeddwa butereevu ku ngulu w’obutoffaali, enzikiriziganya y’obukuumi etandikibwawo okusoma okusingawo.
Battery ez’ebicupuli n’ezitakakasibwa: Zisinga kusinga bw’olowooza
IEEE Spectrum yawa lipoota ku kunoonyereza nti CT-yasika obutoffaali 1,054 18650. Mu butoffaali okuva mu bubonero bw'embalirira, nga 8% bwalina obuzibu bwa "anode overhang". Kino kireeta akabi ka short circuit munda, naye okugezesa okwa mutindo tekusobola kukizuula. (spectrum.ieee.org) (Ekitundu ky’Oluganda)
Obubonero obulabula ku bbaatule ez’ebicupuli:
Okwewozaako kw’obusobozi obufuukuuse.Obutoffaali bwa 18650 obw’amazima mu kiseera kino max out around 3,500mAh. Ekintu kyonna ekigamba nti 5,000mAh oba 9,900mAh kicupuli. Ekiseera.
Emiwendo gya wansi mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo.Obutoffaali bwa LFP mu 2025 butambulira ku doola 36/kWh ku mutendera gw’obutoffaali okusinziira ku BloombergNEF. Singa ebijuliziddwa biba wansi nnyo wa kino, oba obutoffaali bwa Grade B obw’ebicupuli oba obuddamu okuwandiikibwako.
Okutuusa amangu nnyo.Battery z’amakolero entuufu zitera okukolebwa ku order. Obudde bw’okukulembera obwa wiiki 4 ku 8 bwa bulijjo. Emmeeri mu wiiki emu? Mpozzi stock enkadde oba sourcing etamanyiddwa.
UN38.3 satifikeeti esooka-time pass rate eri around 70%. Ekyo kitegeeza nti ebitundu 30% ku dizayini za bbaatule ziremererwa okugezesebwa okusookerwako okw’obukuumi bw’entambula. Ebintu ebitaliiko satifikeeti yonna? Obulabe buba bwa waggulu bwokka.
Okugeraageranya Ebisale: Ennamba Entuufu Okuva mu Pulojekiti Zaffe
Ka mbagabane data entuufu okuva mu kuteekebwa mu nkola kwa bakasitoma.
Okukyusa Battery ya Forklift (2023, Kasitoma wa Warehouse mu Buvanjuba bwa China)
Kasitoma yali amaze emyaka etaano ng’akozesa asidi wa lead-. Yatusabye okujuliza okukyusa LFP.
| Ekintu | Omusulo-Asidi | LFP |
|---|---|---|
| Omuwendo gwa yuniti ya bbaatule | $8,500 | $21,000 |
| Okukyusakyusa mu chajingi | Tewali yali yeetaaga | Doola 3,200/yuniti |
| Omugatte gwa mmotoka 12 | $102,000 | $290,400 |
Kasitoma ky’asooka okukola: kya bbeeyi nnyo. Nabasaba okubala ssente z’okuddukanya emirimu gy’emyaka 5.
Ensimbi ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kuddukanya emirimu mu myaka 5:
Ensonga y'omusulo-asidi:
- Okukyusa bbaatule (emirundi 2 mu myaka 5): ¥8,500 × 2 × 12=¥204,000
- Amasannyalaze (80% obulungi bw’okucaajinga): ~¥4,200/yuniti/omwaka × 12 × 5=¥252,000
- Okuddaabiriza (okufukirira, okukebera asidi): ~¥800/yuniti/omwaka × 12 × 5=¥48,000
- Okufiirwa ebivaamu okuva mu budde bw’okulinda okusasula: tebubaliriddwa, naye kasitoma yagamba nti waakiri essaawa emu n’ekitundu yafiirwa buli mmotoka buli lunaku
Ensonga ya LFP:
- Okukyusa bbaatule: ¥0 (waranti ya myaka 8, tekisuubirwa nti tekyetaagisa kukyusibwa mu myaka 5)
- Amasannyalaze (95% obulungi bw’okucaajinga): ~¥3,500/yuniti/omwaka × 12 × 5=¥210,000
- Okuddaabiriza: ¥0
- Okulongoosa mu bikolebwa: okusasuza omukisa kisoboka, eddakiika 15 mu luwummula lw’ekyemisana ekimala okuwangaala okutuusa nga ssifiiti ewedde
Omugatte gw'emyaka 5:
Omusulo-asidi: ¥102,000 + ¥504,000=¥606,000
LFP: ¥ 290,400 + ¥210,000=¥ 500,400, nga zino zigenda mu maaso
Enjawulo nga ¥100,000. Bw’olowooza ku bivaamu ebifiiriddwa, ekituli kiba kinene.
Kasitoma yakkirizza pulojekiti eno. Okudduka kumpi emyaka ebiri kati, tewali nsonga nnene.
ROI y’okutereka amaanyi (2024, Ekkolero mu ssaza ly’e Jiangsu)
Pulojekiti eno yali nkola ya kusenya ku ntikko-eri ekifo ekikola ebintu.
Obusobozi bw’enkola eno: 500kWh
Omugatte gw’ensimbi eziteekeddwamu: ¥680,000 (nga kw’otadde n’okussaako)
Okusaasaana kw’ebbeeyi y’ebiwonvu ku ntikko-: ¥0.62/kWh
Obuziba bw’enzirukanya ya buli lunaku: 0.8
Ennaku z’okukola buli mwaka: 300
Amasannyalaze agakekkereza buli mwaka: 500 × 0.8 × 0.62 × 300=¥74,400
Okusasula mu ndowooza: ¥680,000 ÷ ¥74,400 ≈ emyaka 9.1
Emyaka 9.1 okusasula si kya kwewuunya. Naye kasitoma yalina ekirala ky’alina okulowoozaako: balina amasannyalaze g’enjuba ag’oku kasolya agatera okukendeezebwa mu kiseera ky’okufulumya ku ntikko. Enkola y’okutereka amasannyalaze yalongoosa omutindo gw’okukozesa amasannyalaze g’enjuba gaabwe. Omugaso ogwo tegukwatibwa mu kubalirira waggulu.
Ate era, waliwo ensimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu kitundu ku kutereka amaanyi mu Jiangsu. Ekintu nga ¥0.2/kWh/omwaka ensimbi z’okuddukanya emirimu. Nga olina ensimbi z’obuyambi, ekiseera ky’okusasula kikka okutuuka ku myaka nga 6.
Okukakasa: Ekyetaagisa Mu butuufu
Nze siri mukugu mu by’amateeka. Ebisinga bye mmanyi wano biva mu ttiimu yaffe ey’amateeka n’okugoberera amateeka.Alina okuba nga:
UN38.3- Kikakatako ku ntambula. Awatali kino, kkampuni ezikola ku by’okutambuza ebintu tezijja kukwata ku bbaatule zo. Okugezesa kugula wakati wa ddoola 5,000 ne 70,000 okusinziira ku bbaatule. First-time pass rate around 70%, ekitegeeza nti 30% ku dizayini teziyinza na kulongoosa bbaala eno enkulu.
IEC 62619- Omutindo gw'obukuumi ku bbaatule z'amaanyi g'amakolero. Ekyetaagisa okuyingira akatale k’e Bulaaya.
UL 9540- Ku nkola z'okutereka amaanyi. Ekyetaagisa ku katale ka North America oba pulojekiti yonna eyeetaaga yinsuwa.
Nga twogera ku yinsuwa. Twalina kasitoma eyali akola pulojekiti y’okutereka amaanyi eyalonda ebintu ebitali bikakasiddwa okusobola okukekkereza ssente mu maaso. Kkampuni za yinsuwa zaagaana okubikka ddala oba ne zijuliza ssente ezisesa (1.5% ku muwendo gw’enkola buli mwaka). Baamaliriza nga bakyusizza ne bagenda ku bintu ebikakasibwa. Premium yakendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 0.4%.
Waliwo okunoonyereza kwa Aviva okugamba nti bizinensi 54% zifunye obuzibu bwa bbaatule za lithium (okubuguma ennyo, omukka, omuliro). Kkampuni za yinsuwa zilaba ennamba zino ne zitereeza okusinziira ku muwendo. Ebintu ebitali bikakasiddwa bijja kuba n’obudde obuzibu okuyingira mu nkola z’okugaba ebintu mu mateeka.
Ebiteeso byange: Engeri y'okukebera abagaba ebintu
Okusinziira ku bumanyirivu bwe nnina mu myaka gino:
Buuza ku nsibuko y’obutoffaali.
Si brand ki gye bakozesa, wabula engeri gye bakebera n’okuddukanya ebintu ebiyingira. Abagaba ebintu abasobola okukulaga omutindo gwabwe ogw’okukebera okuyingira n’ebiwandiiko by’okutwala sampuli beesigika nnyo.
Buuza ku bikwata ku dizayini ya BMS.
Ennamba za IC model ez’obukuumi, okutebenkeza obusobozi bwa kasasiro, omuwendo n’okuteekebwa kwa sensa z’ebbugumu. Tasobola kuddamu oba afuna okwewala? Zisalako okuva ku lukalala lwo.
Saba lipoota z’ebigezo bya satifikeeti.
Si satifikeeti. Lipoota z'ebigezo mu bujjuvu. Satifikeeti zisobola okujingirira. Lipoota z’ebigezo zizibu nnyo okujingirira. Lipoota mulimu laboratory y’okukebera, ennaku z’okukebera, ebintu ebitongole eby’okukeberebwa n’ebyavaamu.
Buuza ku kuddamu oluvannyuma lwa-okutunda.
Ani akwata ebizibu, okwewaayo mu budde bw’okuddamu, oba balina bayinginiya b’omu nnimiro. Kino tekisobola kukikakasa mu kiseera ky’okugula, naye osobola okulaba engeri ebiragiro by’endagaano gye biwandiikiddwamu.
Buuza ku misango gy’okulemererwa.
Omugabi yenna amaze emyaka mitono mu bizinensi akoze ensobi. Abagaba ebintu abeetegefu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku kulemererwa kwabwe beesigika okusinga abo abagamba nti "tetufunangako buzibu bwonna."
Ebirowoozo Ebisembayo
Nkola mu Polinovel, kale emitendera gy’okukebera gye nnayogeddeko waggulu, okutuuka ku ddaala eritali limu, ginnyonnyola engeri gye tukola ebintu ffekka.
Tulina omutindo omukakali ogw’okusaasaana kwa vvulovumenti n’okuziyiza okw’omunda ku butoffaali obuyingira. Dizayini zaffe eza BMS zikozesa enteekateeka entuufu ey’obukuumi, so si chips za layisi ez’ekika kya DW01. Satifikeeti zaffe ziwedde. Naye sijja kwewozaako nti tuli "basinga ku katale" kubanga "abasinga" kigambo ekitaliimu makulu.
Kye nsobola okwogera kiri nti: bw’oba weetegereza abagaba bbaatule za lithium mu makolero, ka twogere. Yogera ku bintu eby’ekikugu. Yogera ku mbeera zo ezenjawulo ez’okusaba. Yogera ku mitego egiyinza okubaawo. Tuyinza obutaba nkola ya buseere, naye tusobola okunnyonnyola lwaki tusaba bye tusaba.
Ebibuuzo? Tuukirira ttiimu yaffe ey'ekikugu butereevu. Waliwo ajja okukuddamu mu ssaawa 48 zokka.
