Okulondoola Voltage Kiki?
Omwaka oguwedde kasitoma Omugirimaani yatuuka ku mukono kubanga forklift ssatu mu sitoowa yaabwe zaagaana okukola mu bwangu. Turned out batteries were fine-BMS yali ewuguse nga 40mV ku voltage readings era n'esalawo nti packs zaali zisukkiridde okucaajinga. Yasibye buli kimu wansi. Ebyuma bisatu bifudde okumala olunaku lulamba. Basasula ssente ku ssaawa eyo.
Emboozi ennungi eya bulijjo, mu butuufu. Okulondoola voltage kiwulikika ng’ekintu ekisinga obukulu BMS ky’ekola. Era naye "omulimu guno omukulu" guleeta ebizibu by'ennimiro bingi okusinga kumpi ekintu ekirala kyonna.
Voltage Ky'ekugamba
Omuntu yenna akola ne bbaatule akimanyi nti vvulovumenti ya terminal okusinga ndabirwamu y’ekiseera entuufu-ey’embeera y’obutoffaali. Okubalirira kwa SOC kwesigamye ku kyo. Obukuumi bw’okusasula ssente ezisukkiridde n’okufulumya amazzi ekisukkiridde kisinziira ku kyo. Okukebera obutakyukakyuka bw’obutoffaali kwesigamye ku kyo. IEC 62619:2022 ekiteeka mu ngeri ey’obwegendereza: vvulovumenti nkulu nnyo okusinga akasannyalazo oba ebbugumu, era BMS erina okusala okucaajinga nga tennabaawo oba amangu ddala nga vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali ekubye ku silingi ey’obukuumi.
Lwaki kikakafu nnyo? Kubanga voltage esooka kukyuka. Okulinnya kw’obuziyiza obw’omunda, okuzikira kw’obusobozi, akabi k’okusiiga lithium-bino biraga mu nneeyisa ya vvulovumenti wiiki oba emyezi nga tebunnatuuka ku bbugumu. W’ofuna alamu y’ebbugumu ng’ebintu byagenda dda ku bbali.
Enkola ya Toyota eya AHR10W hybrid battery system egaba obutoffaali obw’omugaso obw’okujuliza. 168 ku 1.2V buli emu, series-eyungiddwa ku 201.6V total. ECU buli modulo bbiri etwala nga yuniti emu elondoola, ng’erondoola yuniti 14 zonna awamu. Okugatta kuno kuleka enkola okulaga yuniti ki erimu akasengejja akazibu. Ensonga y'emu ekola ku packs z'amakolero-tosobola kuwa buli cell emu omukutu gwayo ogw'empuliziganya, naye weetaaga granularity emala okulondoola ensonga okudda ku ddaala lya module at minimum.
Enkola Nnya ez’okuzuula
Okuzuula vvulovumenti ya bbaatule kutuuse mu nkola nnya enkulu. Abaguzi abasinga obungi nga boogera n’omugabi wa bbaatule ya lithium tebajja kubuuza ku kalonda kano, naye akatono kano kateekawo ekifo ekyesigika ku BMS yonna.
Relay-ne-Kapasita
Ekisooka ye relay-ne-capacitor isolation sampling. Endowooza ennyangu: capacitor samples voltage okuva mu cell, olwo n’opima capacitor. Ebizibu byeyoleka nnyo nnyo-okutwala sampuli mpola, obutuufu obubi, okwambala kwa relay. Pulojekiti ezimu ez’okutereka amaanyi ezaasooka zaakozesa kino. Okusinga tezikyaliwo kati.
Ettaka eritengejja-Ensi
Ekyokubiri kwe kutengejja-okuzuula ettaka. Omugerageranya w’amadirisa akebera oba obusobozi bw’ettaka obuliwo kati bukola ku kukyusa A/D; bwe kitaba bwe kityo, D/A akitereeza. Akebera bulungi mu laabu. Agwa mu nnimiro. Forklifts, AGVs-okutaataaganyizibwa mu kuvuga mmotoka kuzitowa nnyo. Ground potential tegenda kusigala nga bweri.
Enkola eya bulijjo-
Ekyokusatu kya bulijjo-okuzuula mode. Obutoffaali bwonna obupimiddwa ku kifo kimu eky’okujuliza, precision resistor dividers zikendeeza buli kimu, olwo n’oggyako okufuna vvulovumenti z’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu. Circuit ennyangu. Naye ensobi za resistor zituula. Akola okay wansi wa 8S. Oluvannyuma lw’ekyo, obutuufu bufuna okubuusibwabuusibwa. Ekizibu kino eky'okusiba tekisobola kugonjoolwa mu bujjuvu n'okupima-kifumbibwa mu nkola.
Enjawulo-Engeri
Eky’okuna kwe kuzuula enjawulo-mode. Op-amps zigaana vvulovumenti ya common-mode ne zipima enjawulo okubuna buli cell butereevu. Obutuufu bukuba endala essatu n’enjawulo ennywevu. Trade-off ye circuit complexity n'omuwendo. Packs ezisukka mu 12S zitera okwawulwamu modules eziwera ez’okuzuula, nga buli emu ekwata ekitundu, nga ewuliziganya ebivuddemu ku bus. Abakola enkola ya bbaatule za lithium abasinga abakola emirimu gy’amakolero batambudde mu kkubo lino.
Omutego gwa Leakage Current
Kyangu okubuusa amaaso ono.
Circuits ezizuula voltage ziggya current okuva mu cells. Ebipimo ebitonotono-microamps okutuuka ku milliamps-naye nga bigenda mu maaso. Era wuuno ekikwata: mu pack ya series, obutoffaali obusemberera negative terminal butwala leakage current esingawo. Ddira pack ya 16S. Cell 1 ku nkomerero ya positive elaba okukulukuta kwokka okuva mu circuit yaayo ey’okuzuula. Cell 16 ku nkomerero ya negativu elaba okukuŋŋaanyizibwa okukulukuta okuva mu circuit zonna 16 ez’okuzuula, nga kwogasse ne BMS controller, nga kwogasse n’ebirala byonna ebijuliziddwa pack negative.
Mu bikumi n’ebikumi by’enzirukanya, obutoffaali obusembayo obubi{0}}bufuluma mu buziba era bukaddiwa mangu. Obutakyukakyuka buwuguka. Kino si kizibu kya mutindo gwa butoffaali. Kizibu kya dizayini y'enkola.
Ebitereezeddwa biriwo: okusitula detection circuit input impedance okusala absolute leakage; okwongerako switch okukutula amakubo g’okutwala sampuli nga topima; oba just spec slightly higher capacity cells for negative-end positions era okkirize asymmetry. Singa omugabi wa bbaatule za LiFePO4 wholesale tasobola kuddamu bibuuzo ku kino, packs zaabwe osanga zijja kukulaakulanya obutakwatagana obw’amangu mu nnimiro. Ekibuuzo ekirungi eky'okusengejja nga ogenda vetting abatunzi.
Obutuufu ne Lwaki Kikulu Okusinga Specs Suggest
IEC 62619 egamba nti okukuuma vvulovumenti kulina okukola nga vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali tennatuuka oba nga vvulovumenti etuuse ku mutindo gw’obukuumi. Kiwulikika nga waliwo margin. Mu nkola, tewali bingi.
Twala LFP. Full charge around 3.65V. Danger zone etandika ku 3.70V. Eyo ddirisa lya 50mV. Singa obutuufu bw’okuzuula buba ±30mV-bu bulijjo mu dizayini za BMS ez’ebbeeyi-obutali bukakafu bw’okupima kwokka kulya ekitundu ekisukka mu kitundu ky’omugabo gwo ogw’obukuumi. BMS eraga 3.65V, voltage entuufu eyinza okuba dda 3.68V. Tudduka ±5mV munda. Yeetaaga ADCs ennungi, okunyweza voltage references, ensengeka ya PCB n’obwegendereza. Ebisale ebisingawo. Naye bw’ogeraageranya n’ebigenda obubi ng’obutuufu buseeyeeya, si kirungi kwogera.
Yalina omusango: pack ya kasitoma yadduka emyaka ebiri, obutuufu bw’okuzuula bwawuguka okuva ku ±8mV ku kuzaala okutuuka ku ±35mV. Tewali koodi za nsobi-drift yali mpolampola. Olunaku lumu nga bacaajinga, mu butuufu cell yakuba 3.72V ate nga system yalowooza nti ya 3.65V n’esigala ng’egenda mu maaso. Got lucky nti cell yakwata waggulu. Otherwise eyo report ya bibaddewo.
Okulemererwa okw’ekika kino okugenda mu maaso kwekweka bulungi. Okukebera okupima buli mwaka kwe kusinga obutono.
Okutebenkera, Ebbugumu, n’Ebirala Byonna
Active oba passive, balancing ekola singa oba omanyi obutoffaali ki obuli waggulu n’obutono. Okuzuula obubi kitegeeza okutebenkeza okuzibe. Passive balancing evaamu omusaayi okuyita mu resistors. Typical 50mA balancing current etwala essaawa okusika cell emu wansi 0.1V. Singa ensobi mu kupima vvulovumenti zikyusa obulagirizi ne bwe kiba oluusi n’oluusi, oba okola obutakwatagana nga bw’oyokya amaanyi. Bw’oba weetegereza omutunzi wa bbaatule za lithium mu makolero, buuza ku kugeraageranya enkola n’obutuufu bw’okuzuula awamu. "Has active balancing" tekitegeeza kintu kyonna singa data eyali wansi eba kasasiro.
Temperature compensation kintu kirala ekitatera kulabika mu spec sheets. Cell y'emu ku 3.30V esoma mu ngeri ya njawulo ku 25℃okusinziira ku 0℃. Resistance ey’omunda ekyukakyuka, circuit y’okupima yennyini ewuguka n’ebbugumu. Awatali kuliyirirwa, okubalirira kwa SOC kwawukana okusinziira ku sizoni. Okucaajinga ebbugumu erya wansi-kifuna obukodyo-obutoffaali ku diguli -5 tekweyisa nga butoffaali ku bbugumu erya bulijjo. BMS etunuulira voltage yokka nga tewali cross-referencing temperature eyinza okukkiriza okucaajinga nga tesaana, oba okuziyiza okucaajinga nga esobola. Olina okubuuza ttiimu y’ebyekikugu eya supplier butereevu ku bintu bino.
Okulemererwa Bwe Kufaanana
Ensobi ey’amangu
Ebizibu by’okulondoola vvulovumenti biraga engeri ntono. Ekisinga okweyoleka ye nsobi ey’amangu. Voltage ya cell emu esoma 0V oba voltage ya pack enzijuvu. System esuula code n'esiba ebweru. Annoying, naye waakiri enkola emanyi ekintu ekyamenyese.
Okuwuguka mpolampola
Ekisinga obubi kwe kuwuguka mpolampola. Emiwendo egipimiddwa giva mpola mpola okuva ku nsonga entuufu. Tewali koodi za nsobi. Ebipimo by'obukuumi bilema bulungi. Ayinza okudduka emyaka ebiri nga tewannabaawo muntu yenna kwetegereza-ebiseera ebisinga kubanga waliwo ekibi ekyaliwo.
Okukwatagana okutambula obutasalako
Ate waliwo ensonga z'okukwatagana ezitambula obutasalako. Okukankana kusumulula ebiyungo bya waya za sense. Okusoma kwa vvulovumenti kujja ne kugenda. Oluusi bisobola okuddibwamu, oluusi ne biddamu. Ekirooto ekibi okugonjoola ebizibu.
Okulondoola vvulovumenti kugenda mu buziba bw’oba oyagala okusima, naye ensonga enkulu nnyangu: guno gwe musingi gwa data ku buli kimu ekirala BMS ky’ekola. Foundation si solid, tewali kizimbibwa ku ntikko kikulu.
Bw’oba onoonya bbaatule, totunuulira busobozi, bulamu bwa cycle, bbeeyi yokka. Obutuufu bw'okuzuula kwa BMS, enzimba y'okuzuula, enkola z'okupima-ebintu bino eby'omunda bikulu nnyo. Ebibuuzo byaniriziddwa. Tulinnye ku bbomu ezimala okumala emyaka okusobola okuba n’endowooza.
