Kiki eky’okujjukira kye ki?
Memory Effect kintu ekirabika nga bbaatule eziddamu okucaajinga zifiirwa obusobozi bwazo obw’amaanyi obusinga obunene bwe ziddamu okucaajinga enfunda eziwera oluvannyuma lw’okusiibulwa ekitundu kyokka. Battery erabika nga "ejjukira" obusobozi obutono era etuwa amaanyi matono okusinga bwe yali esobola mu kusooka. Kino kisinga kubaawo mu nickel-cadmium (NICD) ne nickel-battery za metal hydride (NIMH), wadde nga obuzibu n’enkola zaawukana wakati wa kemiko zino.
Sayansi ali emabega w'okujjukira effect .
Memory effect erimu enkola enzibu ey’amasannyalaze ekyusa ensengekera ya bbaatule ey’omunda. Battery ya NICD bw’efuluma enfunda eziwera okutuuka ku ddaala lye limu nga tennaddamu kucaajinga, cadmium hydroxide crystals zikola ku pulati za bbaatule. Ebiristaayo bino bikula nga binene mu biseera, ne bikendeeza ku buwanvu bw’okungulu obukola obuliwo ku nkola z’eddagala ezikola amasannyalaze.
Ekigambo eky'ekikugu ekitegeeza ekintu kino kye "kunyigirizibwa kwa vvulovumenti." Mu biseera by’okutambula kw’ekitundu, vvulovumenti ya bbaatule egwa nga bukyali okusinga bwe yandibadde, wadde ng’amasoboza ag’eddagala gasigala nga gaterekeddwa. Kino kireeta ekirowoozo nti bbaatule ekendeera nga mu butuufu ekuuma obusobozi obutakozesebwa.
Okunoonyereza okuva mu Paul Scherrer Institute mu Switzerland kwazuula enkola entuufu mu 2013. Okunoonyereza kwabwe, kwafulumizibwa mu Nature Materials, kwazuula nti okujjukira kwe kuva mu kutondebwawo kwa gamma-phase nickel oxyhydroxide mu bitundu by’ekitundu eby’amasannyalaze. Ebitundu bino bikula nga bbaatule efuluma buli kiseera okutuuka mu buziba bwe bumu, ne zikola ensaasaanya etali ya kikula kya wansi ey’emitendera gy’ebintu okuyita ku ngulu w’obusannyalazo.
Lwaki Enzirukanya y’Okufulumya Ekitundu Okutandikawo Ekivaamu .
Omusono gusinga ku biseera bya kusasuza muntu kinnoomu. Battery ya NICD efuluma okutuuka ku 50% obusobozi n’oluvannyuma n’eddamu okucaajinga emirundi 20 mu kuddiŋŋana ejja kukola memory effect ku 50% threshold eyo. Chemistry ya bbaatule ekwatagana n’enkola eno, n’eddamu okutegeka ebintu byayo eby’omunda okusobola okulongoosa enzirukanya zino ezitali nnene.
Okuddamu okutegeka kuno kubaawo kubanga ensengekera z’amasannyalaze zisinga kubeera mu bifo bye bimu eby’omubiri munda mu bbaatule. Ebitundu by’obusannyalazo obutaziyizibwa mu bujjuvu bifuuka bitono, ate ebitundu ebikozesebwa enfunda eziwera bikulaakulanya ebitonde bya kirisitaalo ebizibu. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, ebitundu ebitakozesebwa eby’ekisannyalazo mu butuufu bifuuka ebitafunibwa ku nkola eya bulijjo.
Ebika bya bbaatule ki ebifuna okujjukira effect .
Nickel-Battery za cadmium (NICD): Obuyinza obw'amaanyi
Battery za NICD ziraga ekintu ekisinga amaanyi mu kujjukira. Battery zino zaawa amaanyi ebikozesebwa ebitaliiko miguwa ebitabalika, enkola z’amataala ag’amangu, n’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kukola emirimu egy’amasannyalaze okuva mu myaka gya 1960 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990. Effect esobola okukendeeza ku busobozi bwazo obukozesebwa ebitundu 20-30% singa emize gy’okusasula giba mibi.
Battery ya NICD eya 1,000mAh ekolebwako enzirukanya y’okufulumya ebitundu 50% eddiddwamu eyinza okuleeta obusobozi 700-800mAh zokka ezisobola okukozesebwa oluvannyuma lw’emyezi egiwerako. Obusobozi obusigaddewo tebubula-busibe emabega wa vvulovumenti eya waggulu ebyuma ebisinga bye bitasobola kuvvuunuka.
Nickel-Ekyuma kya Hydride (NIMH): Obuyinza obw’ekigero .
Battery za NIMH zifuna enkyusa ya memory effect etali ya maanyi. Bano baakyusa NICD mu nkola nnyingi ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1990 ne ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2000. Wadde nga basobola okukulaakulanya okufiirwa kw’obusobozi okumu okuva mu kutambula okw’ekitundu, ekikolwa kiba nga 60-70% kitono nnyo okusinga mu bbaatule za NICD.
Okukendeera kw’okusobola kuva ku njawulo mu kemiko w’obusannyalazo. Battery za NIMH zikozesa ebirungo by’ebyuma ebitali bya bulijjo mu kifo kya cadmium, ebikola ensengekera za kirisitaalo ez’enjawulo wansi w’obugaali obuddiŋŋana. Ebizimbe bino tebinywevu nnyo era byangu okudda emabega okusinga ebyo ebiri mu bbaatule za NICD.
Lithium-Ekyuma kya Lithium Polymer: Tewali kigendererwa kya kujjukira kituufu .
Lithium-Battery ezesigamiziddwa ku .Battery ya Lithium Polymer .Designs, tofuna kikula kya kikula kya kikula kya waggulu. Chemistry yaabwe ekola ku misingi egy’enjawulo ddala-okuyingiza ne de-okuyingiza amasannyalaze ga lithium mu nsengekera eziriko layeri-etakola bitonde bya kirisitaalo ebivunaanyizibwa ku nkola y’okujjukira.
Eno y’emu ku nsonga lwaki tekinologiya wa bbaatule ya Lithium Polymer afuga ebyuma eby’omulembe ebikozesebwa, mmotoka ez’amasannyalaze, n’ebyuma ebitambuza. Abakozesa basobola okusasuza bbaatule zino mu mbeera yonna ey’okufulumya nga tebatya kufiirwa busobozi okuva mu kujjukira.
Battery za lithium kye zikola bwe zifuna obusobozi mpolampola okuva ku nkola endala: okuvunda kw’obusannyalazo, okukula kw’ensengekera y’obusannyalazo obugumu, n’okusiiga lithium. Enkola zino zaawukana nnyo ku nkola y’okujjukira era zibeerawo awatali kulowooza ku nkola z’okucaajinga.
Endowooza enkyamu ezimanyiddwa ennyo ku nkola y'okujjukira .
Enfumo: Battery zonna eziddamu okucaajinga zirina memory effect .
Enzikiriza eno esigalawo okuva ku mulembe gwa NICD nga okujjukira kwe kwali okweraliikirira okwa nnamaddala. Leero, bbaatule ezisinga obungi eziddamu okucaajinga zikozesa lithium chemistry, etakulaakulanya nsonga eno. Endowooza enkyamu ereetera abantu okufulumya mu bujjuvu bbaatule za lithium mu bujjuvu -enkola ekendeeza mu butuufu obulamu bwabwe.
Enfumo: Olina okusiibulwa mu bujjuvu nga tonnaddamu kucaajinga
Amagezi gano gaali malungi eri bbaatule za NICD naye nga za bulabe eri obutoffaali obusinziira ku lithium-. Battery za lithium zisinga kwagala enzirukanya y’okufulumya amazzi etali nnene. okuzikendeeza wansi wa 20% okwanguya okuvunda enfunda n’enfunda. Enkola esinga obulungi kwe kucaajinga buli lwe kiba kirungi, nga bakuuma bbaatule wakati wa 20-80% obusobozi bwe kiba kisoboka.
Enfumo: Okulongoosa bulijjo kitereeza ekikolwa ky'okujjukira .
Okulongoosa-Okufulumya n’okuddamu okucaajinga bbaatule-oluusi kiyinza okuzzaawo ekikolwa ky’okujjukira mu butoffaali bwa NICD nga kiwaliriza ensengekera za kirisitaalo ezirimu obuzibu okumenya n’okutereeza mu ngeri y’emu. Naye, okujjukira okw’amaanyi okuva mu myaka egy’emize gy’okusasuza obubi egy’emyaka mingi kifuuka kya lubeerera. Ebiwujjo bikula nga binene nnyo era nga binywevu okusobola okuzzaawo obusobozi mu bujjuvu.
Endowooza enkyamu: Memory effect y'ensonga lwaki bbaatule enkadde teziwangaala
Wadde nga Memory Effect eyamba okufiirwa obusobozi mu bbaatule za NICD ne NIMH, tekitera kuba musango gwokka. Enkola za bulijjo ez’okukaddiwa-okukulukuta kw’amasannyalaze, okuvunda kw’amasannyalaze, n’okuvunda kw’okwawula-Okuvaako okukendeera kw’obusobozi obusinga obungi mu bbaatule enkadde. Battery ya NICD enkadde -Year-Emize egy'okusaanuusa etuukiridde gikyakwata chajingi ntono okusinga nga mpya.
Enkola y'okukola ku mutindo gwa bbaatule .
Obuzibu bwa memory effect businziira ku nkola z’okukozesa. Ebyuma ebikuba amasannyalaze okutuusa kumpi nga bifudde nga tebinnaba kuddamu kucaajinga, ng’amasimu agataliiko waya mu kukozesa obutasalako, bikendeeza ku bulabe bw’okujjukira. Ebyuma ebiddamu okucaajinga buli lunaku ku miwendo egy’ekimpatiira, nga ddiiro oba kkamera ezitaliiko waya nga bukyali, byali bisinga okubeera mu bulabe.
Mu kugezesa okufugibwa, bbaatule za NICD zaakola ekikolwa eky’okujjukira ekipima oluvannyuma lw’enzirukanya 15-20 ezitali nnyimpi ku buziba bw’okufulumya bwe bumu. Ekikolwa kyeyongera buli kuddiŋŋana. Oluvannyuma lw’enzirukanya y’emirimu ng’eyo 100, okufiirwa obusobozi kuyinza okutuuka ku bitundu 25% oba okusingawo.
Battery za NIMH zalaga enkola ez’enjawulo. Baali beetaaga enzirukanya 50-70 ezitali nnyimpi nga tebannalaga kirungo kya kujjukira kinene, era okufiirwa kw’obusobozi obusinga obunene mu ngeri entuufu kuyitiddwa ku bitundu 10-15%. Okugumiikiriza kuno okulungi kwabafuula ab’ettutumu olw’ebyuma ebifulumya amazzi amangi nga okufulumya okujjuvu tekwali kwa mugaso.
Enkola z’okuziyiza n’okuzzaawo .
Ku Battery za NICD .
Okufulumya okujjuvu-Charge Cycles Buli 20-30 ekozesa okuyamba okuziyiza okujjukira okukulaakulana. Enkola eno, eyitibwa conditioning oba reconditioning, ekozesa full electrode surface era eziyiza localized crystal formation. Specialty chargers ezirina conditioning modes zikola automatic enkola eno.
Enkola ezimu eza NICD ez’amakolero zikozesa okucaajinga kw’omukka, nga zikozesa ebiwujjo ebimpi -ebiwujjo ebiriwo mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga okumenyawo ebitonde bya kirisitaalo. Enkola eno yeetaaga ebyuma eby’enjawulo era tesobola kugula bbaatule z’abakozesa.
Ku Battery za NIMH .
Oluusi n’oluusi okufulumya amazzi mu bujjuvu kiyamba, naye bbaatule za NIMH zigumira okuvuga obugaali ekitundu okusinga NICD. Okufulumya ddala buli 30-100 cycles kiwa okuddaabiriza okumala. Okulongoosa ennyo kikuwa omugaso mutono era kyongera okwambala okuteetaagisa.
Enzirukanya ya bbaatule ey’omulembe .
Enkola z’okuddukanya bbaatule mu byuma ebikozesa emitendera gya lithium chemistry monitor charge, ebbugumu, n’okutambula mu kiseera kino okusobola okulongoosa omulimu. Enkola zino zifuula okuyingira mu nsonga z’abakozesa obuteetaagisa. Enkola ya "battery calibration" mu byuma ebimu teziyiza memory effect-eyamba enkola y'okuddukanya okulondoola obusobozi mu butuufu.
Enkyukakyuka mu tekinologiya wa lithium .
Okusenguka okuva ku bbaatule za NICD ne NIMH mu nkola z’abaguzi kisibuka ekitundu ku kweraliikirira kw’ekikolwa ky’okujjukira. Abakola ebintu baakiraba nti abaguzi baali baagala okuddaabiriza-Bttery ez’obwereere. Lithium chemistry yatuusa kino wamu n’amaanyi g’amasoboza aga waggulu n’amaanyi amalungi-okuyitira-emigerageranyo gy’obuzito.
Ebyuma eby’omulembe ebikozesa lithium polymer battery tekinologiya weewala okujjukira ddala nga biwa 2-3 emirundi 3 okutereka amaanyi buli gram bw’ogeraageranya ne NIMH. Kino kibafuula omulungi ennyo ku ssimu ez’amaanyi, tabuleti, ennyonyi ezitali za bulijjo, n’ebirala ebikwata ku buzito nga mu kiseera ky’okudduka kikwata ku nsonga.
Naye, bbaatule za NICD ne NIMH zisigala nga zikozesebwa ng’ebbugumu erisukkiridde, emiwendo gy’okufuluma egy’amaanyi, oba okwesigamizibwa okuwanvu-esinga okweraliikirira ku kiva mu kujjukira. Enkola z’amasannyalaze aga backup, ebyuma eby’obujjanjabi, n’ebikozesebwa ebimu eby’amakolero bikyasinziira ku kemiko ya nickel-eyesigamiziddwa ku kemiko.
Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa .
Memory Effect esobola okwonoona bbaatule enkalakkalira?
Memory Effect yennyini teyonoona nsengeka ya battery ey’omubiri. Kikendeeza ku busobozi obuliwo nga kikyusa engeri ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kusengejja amasannyalaze engeri gye bitegekamu. Mu ndowooza, okulongoosa okutuufu kuyinza okukizza emabega, wadde ng’emisango egy’amaanyi okuva mu myaka egy’emize gy’okusasuza egy’emyaka emibi giyinza okuziyiza okuwona mu bujjuvu. Battery esigala nga nnungi okukozesa-Emala kutuusa budde butono.
Ntegeera ntya oba bbaatule yange erina memory effect?
Memory Effect eraga nga shorter runtime erongoosa nnyo oluvannyuma lw'okufulumya okujjuvu-Charge cycle. Singa ekiseera ky’okudduka kisigala wansi ne bwe kiba nga kimaze okutereeza, ekizibu kiyinza okuba nga kya bulijjo okukaddiwa oba okwonooneka okw’omunda okusinga okujjukira. Battery za lithium ez’omulembe tezijja kulaga nkola eno okuva lwe zitafuna true memory effect.
Memory effect ekosa bbaatule z’emmotoka?
Nedda.Battery z'emmotoka zikozesa lead-Acid chemistry, etakulaakulanya memory effect. Okufiirwa kw’obusobozi mu bbaatule z’emmotoka enkadde kuva mu sulfation (lead sulfate crystal building), active material shedding, ne electrolyte stratification-enkola ez’enjawulo ezeetaaga eddagala ery’enjawulo.
Lwaki abakola amasimu bawa amagezi okusiibulwa mu bujjuvu buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera?
Amagezi gano gakwata ku kupima kwa battery gauge, so si kuziyiza kujjukira. Sofutiweya w’ekyuma kino alondoola obusobozi bwa bbaatule ng’alondoola voltage ne current. Oluusi n’oluusi okufulumya okutuuka okumpi-Empty kiyamba enkola okupima obusobozi bwa bbaatule entuufu, okulongoosa okubalirira kw’omutindo gw’omusannyalazo. Tekiziyiza kufiirwa busobozi mu bbaatule yennyini.
Memory Effect shaped battery tekinologiya enkulaakulana okumala emyaka mingi. Okutegeera enkola zaayo kyaleetawo chemistries za battery ennungi n’enkola ezigezi ez’okucaajinga. Wadde ng’abakozesa abasinga ennaku zino tebasangayo kijjukizo kya ddala olw’okukola bbaatule ezisinziira ku Lithium-, eby’okuyiga bikyagenda mu maaso n’okufuga engeri gye tukola dizayini n’okuddukanya enkola z’amasannyalaze agatambuza.
Enkyukakyuka okudda mu dizayini za bbaatule za lithium polymer n’eddagala eddala ery’omulembe likiikirira ekisingawo ku kusimattuka ekikolwa ky’okujjukira kyokka. Tekinologiya zino ziwa ebirungi ebikulu mu bungi bw’amasoboza, sipiidi y’okucaajinga, n’okukyukakyuka mu nkola ebikwatagana n’ebyetaago by’ebyuma eby’omulembe. Ku nkola ezikyakozesa bbaatule ezisinziira ku nickel-, okutegeera ekikolwa ky’okujjukira kusigala nga kwa mugaso okusobola okutumbula omulimu n’obulamu.
Ebikulu Ebitwala .
Memory Effect ekendeeza ku busobozi bwa bbaatule ezikozesebwa okuyita mu nsengekera z’okufulumya ez’ekitundu eziddiŋŋana, okusinga nga zikosa bbaatule za NICD .
Ekintu ekirabika kiva ku bitonde ebiristaayo ebikula mu bitundu by’obusannyalazo obubeera mu kitundu mu kiseera ky’okutambula okutali kwa maanyi .
Lithium-Battery ezesigamiziddwa ku 2001. Nga mwotwalidde ne designs za lithium polymer, tofuna true memory effect .
Okulongoosa buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera kiyamba okuziyiza n’okuzzaawo ekikolwa ky’okujjukira mu bika bya bbaatule ebiyinza okukwatibwa .
Enkola ez’omulembe ez’okuddukanya bbaatule zimalawo obwetaavu bw’okuyingira mu lithium mu ngalo-ebyuma ebikozesa amaanyi .
