Voltage ya float kye ki?

Float voltage ye voltage level essiddwa ku fully charged battery okukuuma charge yaayo nga offsetting self-discharge. Voltage eno ey’okuddaabiriza eremesa byombi okusasuza n’okucaajinga ennyo, n’ekuuma bbaatule nga yeetegefu okukozesebwa amangu mu nkola z’amasannyalaze ag’okutereka, ebyuma eby’amangu, n’okuteekebwamu amasannyalaze agazzibwawo.

Batteries tezisigala nga zicaajinga ekiseera ekitali kigere. Ne bwe kiba nga kikutuddwa ku mugugu gwonna, bbaatule zonna zifuna okwefuula -okufuluma-okufiirwa kwa chajingi mpolampola olw’ensengekera z’eddagala ery’omunda. Battery za lead-acid zifiirwa nga 3-5% ku busobozi bwazo buli mwezi ku bbugumu erya bulijjo, ate nga chemistries za lithium ezimu zifiirwa 1-3%.

Float charging eno egonjoola kino nga okozesa steady, low voltage ejjuza ddala ekyo bbaatule ky’efiirwa okuyita mu self-okufuluma. Charger ne battery bikola mu parallel, nga charger egaba just enough current okukuuma bbaatule mu bujjuvu nga tewaliriza excess current eyandiyonoonye obutoffaali.

Endowooza efuuka enkulu mu nkola eziyimiriddewo. Amasannyalaze agatasalako eri ebifo ebitereka amawulire geetaaga bbaatule ku busobozi bwa 100% nga giriri eremereddwa. Enkola z’okutaasa embeera ez’amangu zirina okukola amangu ddala mu kiseera ky’amasannyalaze okuvaako. Ensonga zino zisaba bbaatule ezituula nga tezikola okumala emyezi naye nga zisigala nga zijjudde-precisely kiki float voltage gy’etuusa.

Float Voltage

Ebika bya bbaatule eby’enjawulo byetaaga vvulovumenti ez’enjawulo ezikulukuta, era okukozesa vvulovumenti enkyamu kiyinza okukendeeza ennyo ku bulamu bwa bbaatule oba okuleeta obulabe ku bukuumi.

Battery za lead-acid, omuli amataba, AGM, ne gel variants, zirina bulungi-okuteekawo float voltage ranges. Ku 25℃(77℃F), omutindo guli nga 2.25 okutuuka ku 2.30 volts buli katoffaali. Ku bbaatule eya bulijjo eya 12V ng’erina obutoffaali mukaaga, kino kivvuunulwa nti 13.5-13.8V.

Battery za asidi ezibooga{0}}ezitera okutengejja ku 13.4V (2.23V buli katoffaali), wansi katono okusinga enjawulo ezisibiddwa okukendeeza ku kufiirwa kw’amazzi okuva mu ggaasi w’amasannyalaze. Battery za AGM zikola bulungi ku 13.5-13.6V, ate bbaatule za gel zisinga kwagala 13.1-13.3V olw’okuwulikika kwazo ku vvulovumenti esukkiridde.

Empisa zino si za bugwenyufu. Ku vvulovumenti ya float, bbaatule ekkiriza akasannyalazo akatono-mu ngeri entuufu 1% ku busobozi bwayo obwa amp-essaawa. Battery ya 100AH eyinza okukuba 0.5-1 yokka mu kiseera kya float charging, just enough to counteract self-discharge nga toggumiza chemistry ya battery.

Ebbugumu likosa nnyo vvulovumenti ya float esinga obulungi. Ensengekera z’obusannyalazo (electrochemical reactions) mu lead-batteries za asidi zanguwa n’ebbugumu era mpola n’ennyonta. Omutindo gw’okuliyirira ebbugumu mu makolero guli nga -3.9mV buli diguli buli katoffaali. Ku bbaatule ya 12V, eyo eba nga -23mV buli diguli ku pack yonna.

Lowooza ku kyokulabirako eky’omugaso: Battery ya 12V ebooga nga erina vvulovumenti ya float eya 13.4V ku 25℃. Singa ebbugumu ly’ekifo lirinnya okutuuka ku 35℃(okweyongera kwa diguli 10), vvulovumenti ya float esasulwa efuuka 13.17V. Awatali kulongoosa kuno, vvulovumenti eya waggulu ku bbugumu eri waggulu yandireese ggaasi okuyitiridde n’okufiirwa amazzi. Okwawukana ku ekyo, ku 15℃, voltage ya float erina okweyongera okutuuka ku 13.63V okuziyiza okutassa wansi mu mbeera ennyogovu.

Battery za lithium ziraga ekifaananyi ekizibu ennyo. Nga bbaatule za lead-ezikoleddwa nga zikoleddwa nga zikuba ebiwujjo mu birowoozo, lithium chemistries -naddala lithium-ion-okwetaaga okulowooza ennyo nga tonnaba kusiiga vvulovumenti ya float etakyukakyuka.

Battery za LifePO4 (lithium iron phosphate) zisobola okugumira okucaajinga ku float nga zitegekeddwa bulungi. Voltage ya float esengekeddwa eva ku 3.35 okutuuka ku 3.45V buli katoffaali (13.4-13.8V ku 12V pack). Naye, n’obutoffaali bwa LifePO4 bufuna okukaddiwa okw’amangu nga bukwatibwa ku vvulovumenti esinga obunene okumala ebbanga eddene.

standard lithium-obutoffaali (NMC, NCA chemistries) bwolekedde akabi akasingawo. Obutoffaali buno butera okucaajinga ku 4.2V buli katoffaali, naye nga bubukwata ku vvulovumenti eno buli kiseera kireeta situleesi ku bintu bya electrode. Cathode efuna enkyukakyuka mu nsengekera, okusiiga kwa lithium kuyinza okubaawo ku anode, era ensengekera z’ebbali ziyanguwa okuvunda kw’amasannyalaze.

Wano we wali .Ekyuma ekikuba bbaatule ya lithium ion .Dizayini efuuka enkulu. Quality Lithium ion battery chargers tezitera kukozesa float charging entuufu. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, bakozesa enkola ya "storage voltage"-okusaanuusa mpozzi 3.9-4.0V buli katoffaali ate ne bakutula, nga baddamu okuyunga nga vvulovumenti egwa wansi w'omusingi. Kino kiziyiza okunyigirizibwa kwa vvulovumenti okutambula obutasalako okw’okucaajinga okw’ennono okwa float.

Enkola z’okuddukanya bbaatule (BMS) mu bbaatule za lithium zirondoola vvulovumenti z’obutoffaali obutasalako. Bwe kigezesebwa okucaajinga okukulukuta, BMS erina okukakasa obutoffaali obukwatagana obulungi n’okufuga vvulovumenti entuufu. Ne 50-100mV ku vvulovumenti esengekeddwa esobola okuleeta okuvunda okw’amangu.

The practical implication: Abasinga obungi abakola bbaatule ya lithium ion bawabula mu ngeri ey’enjawulo bawabula obutasalako float charging for lithium-ion batteries. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, basaba buli kiseera "waggulu-UP" charging oba storage ku 80-90% embeera y'okusasuza ku nkola ez'okuyimirira ez'ekiseera ekiwanvu.

Float Voltage

Float voltage tebaawo mu isolation-Ye mutendera ogusembayo ogw’enkola ya phase ey’okucaajinga ssatu{1}}acid ssatu ezisinga ez’omulembe ze zikozesa ku lead-acid ne lithium chemistries ezimu.

Omutendera omunene gutuusa amasannyalaze agasinga okuzzaawo amangu obusobozi bwa bbaatule. Battery bweba efuluma nnyo-gamba, wansi wa 80% obusobozi-esobola okukkiriza emiwendo gya current egy'amaanyi. Charger eriko sayizi entuufu ejja kutuusa ebitundu 15-25% ku busobozi bwa bbaatule mu amps. Battery ya 100AH eyinza okufuna amps 15-25 mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga mu bungi.

Voltage egenda elinnya buli kiseera mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga mu bungi nga embeera ya bbaatule y’okucaajinga yeeyongera. Ku bbaatule ya 12V lead-acid, vvulovumenti eyinza okulinnya okuva ku 11.5V nga efulumye ennyo okutuuka ku 14.4V ku nkomerero y’omutendera gwa bulk. Charger ekuuma current etakyukakyuka ate voltage egoberera battery okukkiriza.

Ebitundu nga 80% ku busobozi bwa bbaatule buddamu mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga mu bungi. Omutendera guno guba gwa mangu-Battery ya 100AH efulumizibwa ennyo eyinza okumaliriza okucaajinga mu bungi mu ssaawa 3-5 ng’erina chajingi ya 20-amp.

Nga bbaatule esemberera 80-90% obusobozi, obusobozi bwayo okukkiriza current okukendeera. Charger ekyuka n’egenda mu mbeera y’okunyiga, ekwata vvulovumenti etakyukakyuka (mu ngeri entuufu 14.4-14.8V ku 12V lead-acid) ate nga current tapers off naturally.

Mu kiseera ky’okunyiga, okucaajinga akasannyalazo kayinza okukka okuva ku amps 15 okutuuka ku 5 amps, olwo okutuuka ku 2 amps nga bbaatule esemberera obusobozi obujjuvu. Enkola za kemiko mu pulati za bbaatule zikendeera-ebifo ebikozesebwa bifuuka ebituuliddwa, era obuziyiza obw’omunda bweyongera katono.

Omutendera guno gutwala ekiseera ekiwanvu okusinga ekinene wadde nga okuzzaawo 10-20% zokka ku busobozi. Battery y'emu eya 100ah eyinza okumala essaawa 3-4 mu ngeri y'okunyiga. Charger etera okulondoola current, okugilinda okugwa wansi wa threshold-oboolyawo c/50 (2 amps for a 100ah battery)-nga tennakyuka ku float.

Okunyiga bwe kuggwa, chajingi ekendeeza ku vvulovumenti okutuuka ku ddaala lya float. Ku lead yaffe eya 12V-Ekyokulabirako kya Acid, vvulovumenti egwa okuva ku 14.4V okutuuka ku 13.5V. Current amangu ago egwa ku mitendera emitono-Emirundi mingi wansi wa 1 amp.

Battery kati mu bukulu "ewummula" ku full charge. Voltage ya float eya wansi eremesa-okucaajinga okuliwo okuliwo kati okwandiviiriddeko ggaasi mu bbaatule ezibooga oba situleesi mu bbaatule ezisibiddwa. Akasannyalazo akatono kamala gakyusa bbaatule ky’efiirwa eri omuntu yennyini-okufuluma.

Ebisale bisatu eby’omulembe-ebiterekeddwa bisobola okusigala mu mbeera ya float ekiseera ekitali kigere. Battery eyungiddwa ku float charger entuufu esobola okutuula okumala emyezi oba n’emyaka, bulijjo nga yeetegefu okutuusa obusobozi obujjuvu nga kyetaagisa. Kino kifuula okucaajinga okukulukuta okulungi eri bbaatule eziyimiridde mu nkola za UPS, amataala ag’amangu, n’enkola za alamu.

Data centers zeesigamye nnyo ku nzirukanya entuufu eya float voltage. Okuteekebwa kwa UPS okwa bulijjo kuyinza okubeeramu bbaatule za 12V eziwera mu series okukola 480V oba waggulu DC bus voltages. Battery zino zitengejja obutasalako, oluusi okumala emyaka wakati w’ebintu ebivaamu okusiibulwa.

UPS chargers battery zitera okukuuma bbaatule ku bazikola-Voltage ya float etegeerekese-Emirundi mingi 2.27V buli katoffaali ku VRLA (Valve-Segulated lead-acid). Sensulo z’ebbugumu zitereeza vvulovumenti eno obutasalako. 480V UPS nga erina bbaatule 20 kkumi na bbiri-Volt mu lunyiriri yeetaaga okulungamya vvulovumenti entuufu mu butoffaali bwonna 240.

Okusoomoozebwa kweyongera olw’okukaddiwa kwa bbaatule. Nga bbaatule zikaddiwa, emiwendo gyagyo-egifulumya giyinza okweyongera, nga kyetaagisa vvulovumenti za float ezenjawulo katono. Enkola za UPS ez’omulembe zikozesa per-Okulondoola vvulovumenti ez’omuguwa okuzuula bbaatule ezivunda ezisikiriza akasannyalazo akayitiridde-akabonero k’okukola empale ennyimpi oba obutoffaali obukalu-okufuluma.

OFF-Okuteeka enjuba grid kuleeta okusoomoozebwa okw'enjawulo okw'okucaajinga okukulukuta. Battery zimala ennaku oba wiiki nga zijjula mu biseera by’omusana, olwo ne zifuluma mu biseera by’obudde ebiwanvu eby’ebire.

Solar charge controllers zikozesa sophisticated float algorithms. Emisana, bbaatule bw’emala okutuuka ku full charge, controller ekendeeza ku panel voltage okutuuka ku float level. Kino kiremesa okucaajinga ennyo ate nga kisobozesa ebipande okukola amasannyalaze mu maka butereevu. Ekiro, panels bwe zitakola masannyalaze, obviously okucaajinga kuyimirira, era bbaatule zitandika okufuluma.

Enjawulo enkulu okuva ku nkola za UPS ye cycling. Battery z’enjuba ziyinza okulengejja okumala essaawa 8-12 buli lunaku, ne zifuluma ekiro, olwo ne ziddamu okujjuza enkeera. Omusono guno gwetaaga okuliyirira ebbugumu erinywevu ennyo, kubanga ebbugumu lya bbaatule liyinza okuwuuma ennyo wakati w’emisana n’ekiro.

Batteries z'emmotoka ziraga float charging scenario ey'enjawulo. Yingini bw’etambula, alternator ecaajinga ku voltage ya bulk (14.2-14.4V). Alternators ez’omulembe, wabula, zirimu smart regulators ezikendeeza ku voltage oluvannyuma lwa bbaatule okusemberera full charge, mu bukulu nga egaba float charging ng’ovuga.

Enkola za bbaatule z’oku nnyanja zitera okwawula bbaatule z’omu nnyumba (ez’amataala n’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma) ku bbaatule ezitandika. Battery z’omu nnyumba ziyinza okusigala ku float charge okuva ku shore power oba solar panels ate eryato ne lituula ku mwalo. Quality Marine battery chargers ziwa multi-okucaajinga mu bbanka, nga zirina ensengeka za vvulovumenti za float ezetongodde ku bbanka za bbaatule ez’enjawulo.

Okufuna float voltage right kyetaagisa okufaayo ku nsonga eziwerako okusukka basic voltage specification.

Awatali kuliyirirwa ku bbugumu, bbaatule zibonaabona. Battery mu kisenge ky’ebyuma kya diguli 40 efuna 13.8V efuna situleesi y’emu ne bbaatule ku 25℃efuna 14.2V-zombi waggulu nnyo ku safe float voltage ku bbugumu lyennyini.

Ebipima bbaatule eby’omutindo mulimu sensa z’ebbugumu. Sensulo eyinza okuba ey’omunda (ssinga chajingi egabana ekisenge ne bbaatule) oba ewala (probe eteekebwa ku bbaatule oba okumpi nazo). Microcontroller ya charger etereeza voltage efuluma mu ngeri ey’otoma okusinziira ku kusoma ebbugumu.

Okubala okuliyirira kwangu: ku 12V lead-battery ya asidi n'obutoffaali 6 n'okutengejja omusingi gwa 13.5V ku 25℃, kozesa -3.9mv/℃× 6 cells=-23.4mv/℃. Singa ebbugumu lya bbaatule liba diguli 30 , tereeza vvulovumenti nga (30-25) × -0.0234V=-0.117V, efulumya 13.38V.

Float current eraga obulamu bwa bbaatule. Battery ennungi mu float mode erina okukuba ebitundu ebitakka wansi wa 1% ku AH rating yaayo mu amps. Significantly higher current eraga ebizibu: shorts ez’omunda, ezikaze-obutoffaali mu bbaatule ezibooga, oba sulfation okuva mu kussa wansi emabega.

Enkola ez’omulembe ez’okulondoola bbaatule zirondoola emitendera gy’amasannyalaze agakulukuta mu bbanga. Okweyongera mpolampola kutera okukulembeza bbaatule okugwa, okuwa okulabula okukyusa enteekateeka mu kiseera ky’amadirisa g’okuddaabiriza okusinga okulaba okulemererwa okwewuunyisa.

Emitego egiwerako bulijjo kiwugulaza enkola z’okucaajinga ezikulukuta. Okukozesa chajingi eyakolebwa ku kemiko ya bbaatule emu n’endala oboolyawo y’esinga okubeera. Battery ya gel ku battery charger ejjudde amazzi ng’efuna 13.8V mu kifo kya 13.2V eyeetaagisa ejja kubuguma nnyo era ereme nga tennatuuka.

Ensobi endala enfunda eziwera kwe kulagajjalira okuliyirira ebbugumu mu mbeera ezirina enkyukakyuka ey’amaanyi mu bbugumu. Bbanka ya bbaatule mu kabineti y’amasimu ey’ebweru eyinza okufuna ebbugumu okuva ku -10℃okutuuka ku 50℃buli mwaka. Awatali kuliyirirwa, bbaatule zino zisasulwa ssente nnyingi mu biseera by’obutiti era tezisasulira mu budde obw’obutiti, ekikendeeza nnyo ku bulamu.

Okusubwa enkyukakyuka okuva mu kunyiga okudda ku kulengejja nakyo kireeta obuzibu. Ebimu wansi-ebisannyalazo eby’omutindo tebikendeeza ddala vvulovumenti okutuuka ku mitendera gya float entuufu, mu kifo ky’okukwata bbaatule ku vvulovumenti y’okunyiga ekiseera ekitali kigere. Kino kikola okumala essaawa oba wadde ennaku naye kireeta okwonooneka okukuŋŋaanyizibwa okumala wiiki n’emyezi egy’okuyungibwa obutasalako.

Float Voltage

Okunoonyereza kulaga obutasalako nti okucaajinga okutuufu okwa float kuyinza okwongera ennyo ku bulamu bwa bbaatule. Lead-Batteri za asidi ezikuumibwa ku vvulovumenti ya float entuufu nga zirina okuliyirira ebbugumu zisobola okutuuka ku myaka 8-10 egy’obuweereza mu kusaba okuyimirira, bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka 4-5 nga vvulovumenti ya float eddukanyizibwa bubi.

Enkola eno nnyangu: Okusasuza okusukkiridde kuleeta okukulukuta kw’ekisenge mu lead-battery za asidi n’okwanguyiza okuyiwa kw’ebintu ebikola. Okussa wansi kisobozesa sulfation-lead sulfate crystals okukula okunene era okukaluba, okukendeeza ku busobozi obw’olubeerera. Float voltage ekuba ekifo ekiwooma nga tewali phenomenon efugira.

Ku bbaatule za lithium, omugaso gw’obuwangaazi guva mu kwewala vvulovumenti eya waggulu buli kiseera. Okutereka akasengejja ka lithium-ku 4.2V okusinziira ku 3.9V kiyinza okukendeeza ku bulamu bw’enzirukanya ebitundu 30-40%. Omutindo Lithium Ion Battery Chargers ziyingiza okumanya kuno, oba okwewala okucaajinga okukulukuta kwonna oba okussa mu nkola ekkomo ku vvulovumenti wansi nnyo ku vvulovumenti ya chajingi esinga obunene.

Ebikwata ku bakola bbaatule bulijjo birina okukulembeza. Wadde ng’ebiragiro eby’awamu biwa entandikwa, bbaatule ezenjawulo zitera okuba n’ebyetaago eby’enjawulo okusinziira ku nzimba yazo ey’omunda, ebikozesebwa mu byuma, n’okukozesebwa okugenderera.

Okucaajinga float si y’engeri yokka ey’okulabirira bbaatule, wadde nga y’esinga okukozesebwa mu kukozesebwa okutambula.

Okucaajinga kwa trickle kukozesa akasannyalazo aka wansi akatali kakyukakyuka okusinga vvulovumenti etakyukakyuka. Enkola eno enkadde ebulwa amagezi g’okucaajinga okukulukuta era esobola okucaajinga ennyo bbaatule singa current ya trickle esukka self-discharge current. Omulembe omusatu-Stage chargers okusinga zizze mu kifo kya simple trickle chargers olw’ensonga entuufu.

Okucaajinga kwa pulse kukozesa ebiwujjo bya kasasiro ebitasalako okusinga vvulovumenti ezitasalako. Abamu ku bakola eddagala lino bagamba nti okucaajinga omukka (pulse charging) kukendeeza ku sulfation mu lead-battery za asidi, wadde ng’obujulizi butabuddwa. Okucaajinga kw’omukka (pulse charging) tekutera kubaawo mu nkola za bulijjo.

Ku bbaatule za lithium, okucaajinga "Storage Mode" kifunye okusiimibwa. Charger buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera ekebera voltage era egaba top-Up charge singa voltage eba ekendedde wansi w'omusingi, olwo ekutula. Kino kyewala okuyunga obutasalako okw’ekinnansi eky’okucaajinga amazzi ate nga bakuuma bbaatule nga zeetegefu okukozesebwa.

Float voltage ekiikirira ekintu ekikulu mu kuddaabiriza bbaatule ey’omulembe naddala ku nkola z’amasannyalaze agayimiridde. Battery za lead-acid n'oluzzi lwazo-empisa ez'engeri n'okwefaako waggulu-emiwendo gy'okubunyisa amasannyalaze gyakolebwa mu nkola okusobola okucaajinga okukulukuta. Voltage eri wansi ekimala okuziyiza okwonooneka naye waggulu ekimala okukuuma full charge ekiseera ekitali kigere.

Battery za lithium zisaba enkola ezisingako okubeera nuanced. Okweyongera okwettanira lithium ion battery chargers mu backup power applications kyetaagisa okutegeera nti ennono float charging eyinza obutakola. Battery za lithium nnyingi zikola bulungi nga zirina periodic top-okudda waggulu chajingi okusinga okukozesa voltage okutambula obutasalako.

Omulimu gw’ebbugumu teguyinza kuyitirira. Electrochemistry ya bbaatule eddaamu nnyo embeera z’ebbugumu, ekifuula okuliyirira okw’ebbugumu okwetaagisa enkola yonna ey’okucaajinga etengejja eraga embeera ez’enjawulo.

Okusasula obulungi float, nga kugattibwa wamu ne chajingi ez’omutindo n’okulondoola okutuufu, kukyusa bbaatule okuva mu bintu ebikozesebwa nga zeetaaga okukyusibwa ennyo mu by’obugagga ebyesigika ebiwanvu-eby’ekiseera. Ensimbi entono eziteekebwa mu byuma ebirungi ebicaajinga zisasula amagoba nga ziyita mu bulamu bwa bbaatule obw’ekiseera ekiwanvu n’amaanyi ag’okutereka agesigika bwe lisinga okuba ery’omugaso.