Deep Discharge kye ki?

Deep discharge ebaawo nga bbaatule ekozesa ebitundu 80% oba okusingawo ku busobozi bwayo bwonna nga tennaddamu kucaajinga. Kino kyawukana ku ngeri eya bulijjo ey’okufulumya bbaatule nga bbaatule zitera okukola mu bitundu 20-50% ku busobozi bwazo. Battery bwe zifuluma ennyo, ensengekera z’eddagala ezitakyuka zitandika ezikendeeza enkalakkalira ku busobozi bwazo okutereka n’okuzituusa amaanyi.

Depth of Discharge egera ebitundu ku kikumi eby’obusobozi bwa bbaatule obubadde bukozesebwa okusinziira ku busobozi bwonna obuliwo. Singa bbaatule ya 100 amp-hour (Ah) efulumya 80 Ah, etuuse ku 80% DoD.

Okubala kuno kwangu:

DoD (%)=(Obusobozi Obukozesebwa / Obusobozi bwonna) × 100

DoD ewakanya butereevu State of Charge (SoC). DoD bw’eba 80%, SoC eba 20%. Ebipimo bino ebibiri bikolagana okuwa ekifaananyi ekijjuvu eky'embeera ya bbaatule-DoD ekubuulira ebikozeseddwa, ate SoC eraga ebisigadde.

Abakola bbaatule bateekawo ekkomo lya DoD ebitongole ku kemiko ez’enjawulo. Battery za lead-acid mu bujjuvu tezirina kusukka 50% DoD okukozesebwa bulijjo, ate lithium-ion batteries zisobola okukwata obulungi 80-90% DoD. Ekkomo lino liriwo kubanga ebifulumizibwa ebizito byanguya okwambala ku bitundu eby’omunda.

Deep Discharge

Battery bwe ziyita mu buziba, enkola za kemiko ez’enjawulo zireeta okwonooneka okw’olubeerera okusinziira ku kemiko ya bbaatule.

Mu bbaatule za asidi w’omusulo-asidi, enkola y’okufulumya ekyusa dayokisayidi w’omusulo n’omusulo gwa sipongi okufuuka salufati y’omusulo okuyita mu kukwatagana ne asidi wa salufa. Mu kiseera ky’okufuluma okwa bulijjo, obutafaali buno obwa lead sulfate busigala nga butono era mangu okukyusa okudda emabega nga buddamu okucaajinga. Naye okufuluma mu buziba kuleeta okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kwa lead sulfate okuyitiridde.

Kiristaalo zino eza sulfate zikaluba ne zikula ne zikula nga ziyita mu nkola eyitibwa sulfate. Kiristaalo bwe zituuka ku sayizi ezimu, zifuuka nkakanyavu ne zigaana okuddamu okukyuka ne zifuuka ekintu ekikola nga ziddamu okucaajinga. Okunoonyereza okuva mu Midtronics kulaga nti bbaatule ya 12-volt lead-acid egwa wansi wa 10.5 volts wansi w’omugugu eyingira mu deep discharge territory nga sulfation eyanguyira mangu.

Battery gy’ekoma okutuula mu mbeera ey’okufuluma ennyo, sulfation eno gy’ekoma okufuuka ey’olubeerera. Mu mbeera enzibu, ebitundutundu by’ebintu ebikola bikutuka okuva ku pulati mu nkola eyitibwa plate shedding, ekivaako short circuits ne battery okulemererwa ddala.

Battery za lithium-ion zisanga ebizibu eby’enjawulo naye nga bya maanyi kyenkanyi. Bwe kifulumizibwa wansi w’ekipimo kyabwe ekya vvulovumenti ekitali kya bulabe (mu ngeri entuufu 2.5V buli katoffaali), ekikomo okuva mu kikung’aanya kya kasasiro wa anode kitandika okusaanuuka mu masanyalaze.

Mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga oluvannyuma, ayoni zino ez’ekikomo ezisaanuuse zisobola okudda ku anode, ne zikola dendrites-obuwuzi obutonotono obw’ekyuma obukula munda mu bbaatule. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2016 mu Scientific Reports kwazuula nti okufuluma okw’amaanyi okusukka -12% state of charge kuleeta short circuits ez’omunda okuyita mu nkola eno ey’okuteeka ekikomo.

Okugatta ku ekyo, okufuluma okw’obuziba kwonoona oluwuzi lwa Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), firimu ekuuma ku anode. Mu budde obutuufu oluwuzi luno luziyiza enkola z’eddagala eziteetaagibwa. Bw’emala okwonooneka, bbaatule efuna obuziyiza obw’omunda obweyongera n’okukendeeza ku busobozi. Ebiwandiiko bya IEEE biraga nti bbaatule ezikolebwako enzirukanya y’okufuluma mu buziba bulijjo zifiirwa obusobozi 40% amangu okusinga ezo ezikuumibwa mu kkomo erisemba.

Kemiko za bbaatule ez’enjawulo zirina ebisala bya vvulovumenti eby’enjawulo ebitegeeza okufuluma okw’obuziba:

Lead-Battery za Asidi:

Ecaajinga mu bujjuvu: 12.6-12.8V (ku bbaatule ya 12V)

Ebitundu 50% ebifulumiziddwa: 12.2V

Ekipimo ky’okufulumya amazzi mu buziba: 10.5V

Omutindo gw’okwonooneka okukulu: Wansi wa 10.5V

Lithium-Battery za Ion:

Ejjude charge: 4.2V buli cell

Obuwanvu bw’okukola obwa bulijjo: 3.7-4.0V buli katoffaali

Ekipimo ky’okufulumya amazzi mu buziba: 3.0V buli katoffaali

Obulabe bw’okwonooneka okw’olubeerera: Wansi wa 2.5V buli katoffaali

Battery za LiFePO4:

Ejjude charge: 3.65V buli cell

Obuwanvu bw’okukola obwa bulijjo: 3.2-3.4V buli katoffaali

Wansi w’okufulumya amazzi mu ngeri ey’obukuumi: 2.5V buli kasenge

Ekipimo ky’okwonooneka: Wansi wa 2.0V buli katoffaali

Voltage ya bbaatule bw’ekka wansi w’ebipimo bino, resistance ey’omunda yeeyongera nnyo. Kino kikaluubiriza okuddamu okucaajinga era kivaamu ebbugumu erisukkiridde mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga, ekyongera okwonooneka.

Enkolagana wakati w’obuziba bw’okufulumya n’obulamu bw’enzirukanya ewandiikiddwa bulungi-naye emirundi mingi tetegeerekeka bubi.

Battery ya lead-acid efulumizibwa okutuuka ku 50% DoD eyinza okutuusa cycles 800 nga tennatuuka ku 80% ku busobozi obwasooka. Battery eyo y’emu efulumiziddwa okutuuka ku 80% DoD ejja kuwa cycles nga 350 zokka. Okubala kulabika nga kukontana n'okutegeera-okufuluma okuzitowa tekulina kuwa maanyi mangi omugatte mu bulamu bwa bbaatule?

Entuufu esinga kuba ya nuanced. Nga buli nsengekera y’okufulumya enzito eggyamu amasoboza amalala, okuvunda okw’amangu kukendeeza ku kuweebwa kw’amasoboza gonna ag’obulamu bwonna. Ku kyokulabirako kya asidi w’omusulo- waggulu:

50% DoD: enzirukanya 800 × 50%=400 eby’okufuluma byonna awamu

80% DoD: enzirukanya 350 × 80%=280 eby’okufuluma byonna awamu

Enkola y’okufulumya amazzi agatali mawanvu egaba amaanyi gonna agasukka mu bitundu 43% mu bulamu bwa bbaatule.

Battery za lithium-ion ziraga obugumu obulungi. Battery ya LiFePO4 ey’omutindo esobola okukwata enzirukanya 2,000+ ku 80% DoD bw’ogeraageranya n’enzirukanya 200-300 ku lead-acid ku buziba bwe bumu. Okugumiikiriza kuno okw’ekika kya deep-discharge okw’ekika ekya waggulu kufuula tekinologiya wa lithium okubeera omulungi mu nkola ezeetaaga okuvuga obugaali obuwanvu ennyo.

Deep Discharge

Shallow discharge kizingiramu okukozesa ebitundu 10-30% byokka ku busobozi bwa bbaatule nga tonnaddamu kucaajinga. Enkola eno ekendeeza nnyo ku situleesi ku bitundu bya bbaatule.

Okunoonyereza okuva mu bakola bbaatule eziwera kukakasa nti okuvuga obugaali obutawanvu ku miwendo gya chajingi entono kivaamu okuvunda okutono okupima. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku bbaatule za LiFePO4 kwazuula nti ku 50% state of charge ne 25℃storage temperature, batteries zikuuma nga 80% capacity okumala emyaka 23.8-esinga wala warranty eza bulijjo.

Okufulumya amazzi mu buziba kuwa obusobozi obw’amangu obw’amaanyi obw’okukozesa naye okwanguya okukaddiwa. Okunyigirizibwa kw’ebyuma ku bintu ebikola mu kiseera ky’enzirukanya y’okufulumya amazzi mu buziba kwongera ku miwendo gy’okufa kw’obusobozi. Ku mmotoka ez’amasannyalaze n’ebyuma ebitambuza, enkola z’okufulumya ezitali nnene zitera okuwa omuwendo omulungi ogw’ekiseera ekiwanvu- wadde nga kyetaagisa okucaajinga emirundi mingi.

Kyokka, ensonga ezikwata ku nsonga eno zikulu. Enkola z’okutereka amaanyi g’enjuba zitera okwetaaga obusobozi bw’okufulumya amasannyalaze mu buziba okusobola okutumbula amasannyalaze agafunibwa ekiro ng’enjuba teyaka. Mu nkola zino, obusobozi okutuuka ku bitundu 80-90% ku busobozi bwa bbaatule buwa obutuufu okukendeeza katono ku bulamu bw’enzirukanya.

Battery packs ez’omulembe mulimu Battery Management Systems (BMS) ezikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okutangira okwonooneka kw’amazzi amangi.

BMS erondoola obutasalako ebipimo ebikulu ebiwerako:

Okulondoola vvulovumenti:BMS erondoola vvulovumenti za cell ssekinnoomu era n’ekutula omugugu nga cell yonna esemberera vvulovumenti yaayo esala. Ku bbaatule za lithium-ion, kino kitera okubaawo ku 2.5-3.0V buli katoffaali. Enkola eno eremesa bbaatule okufuluma okusukka ekkomo eritali lya bulabe ne bwe kiba nti ekyuma kigenda mu maaso n’okugezaako okuggya amaanyi.

Okukoma mu kiseera kino:Amasannyalaze agafuluma amangi gayanguyiza okugwa kwa vvulovumenti era ne kwongera okukola ebbugumu. BMS ekugira discharge current ku levels ezitali za bulabe okusinziira ku bbugumu lya battery n’embeera ya charge.

Enzirukanya y’ebbugumu:Okufuluma mu buziba kuleeta ebbugumu lingi olw’okuziyiza okw’omunda okweyongera. BMS erondoola ebbugumu era ekendeeza oba eyimiriza okufuluma singa ekkomo ly’ebbugumu lisukkiridde.

Okutebenkeza obutoffaali:Mu packs z'obutoffaali obungi-, obutoffaali tebufulumya mu ngeri y'emu. Awatali bbalansi, akatoffaali akamu kayinza okufuluma mu buziba ate obulala ne busigala n’obusannyalazo. BMS ekakasa nti obutoffaali bwonna bufuluma kyenkanyi, ne kiremesa obutoffaali ssekinnoomu okuyingira mu bifo eby’akabi ebya vvulovumenti.

Omutindochajingi ya bbaatule ya lithium ionekola wamu ne BMS nga epima vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali nga tennatandika kucaajinga. Singa vvulovumenti egwa wansi wa 2.5V buli katoffaali, chajingi ez'omulembe ziteeka mu nkola "boost" oba trickle charge mode, nga zikozesa akasannyalazo akatono (mu ngeri entuufu 0.05C) okulinnyisa mpola vvulovumenti okutuuka ku mitendera egy'okucaajinga egy'obukuumi. Kino kiremesa okutondebwa kwa dendrites okwandibaddewo singa full charging current yassibwa ku cell efulumye ennyo.

Okusinziira ku Battery University, chajingi ezitaliiko nkola eno ey'obukuumi zijja kumala gagaana bbaatule ezifuuse amaanyi amangi nga "teziyinza kukola," wadde ng'okuzzaawo n'obwegendereza kuyinza okusoboka n'ebyuma ebituufu.

Obuwanguzi bw’okuddamu okukola businziira nnyo ku bbanga bbaatule lye yamala ng’eri mu mbeera ey’okufulumya amazzi amangi n’obuzibu bw’okwonooneka kw’eddagala.

Ku bbaatule za lead-acid ezikwatibwa mu nnaku mu nnaku nga zifulumiziddwa mu buziba, emiwendo gy’okuddamu okukola gituuka ku bitundu 70% ku bika bya AGM ne 30% ku bbaatule ezibooga. Enkola eno yeetaaga obugumiikiriza:

Kozesa chajingi entegefu ng’erina mode ya desulfation

Siiga current entono (0.1C oba wansi) okumala essaawa 24-48

Monitor voltage rise-erina okweyongera mpolampola okutuuka ku 12.6V

Singa voltage plateaus wansi wa 12V oluvannyuma lw’essaawa 48, okwonooneka okw’olubeerera kuba kubaddewo

Chaja ez’enjawulo nga NOCO Genius series zirimu enkola za desulfation algorithms ezikozesa pulse charging okumenyaamenya crystals za sulfate ezikalubye. Kyokka singa bbaatule etuula ng’efuuse amaanyi amangi okumala wiiki oba emyezi, mu bujjuvu ekirungo kya sulfation kifuuka ekitakyuka.

Okuzzaawo lithium-ion kwa bulabe era kwetaaga okwegendereza ennyo. Togezaako kuzzaawo bbaatule za lithium ezibadde wansi wa 1.5V buli cell okumala wiiki ezisukka mu emu-okusuula kye kisinga obukuumi.

Ku bbaatule za lithium ezaakafuluma (voltage wakati wa 2.0-2.5V buli cell):

Teeka 0.05C charging current okutuusa nga voltage etuuse ku 3.0V

Londoola ebbugumu obutasalako-yimiriza singa bbaatule efuuka ebuguma

Voltage bw’emala okutebenkera waggulu wa 3.0V, kyusa ku normal charging protocol

Kola enzirukanya eziwerako ezijjuvu ez’okucaajinga/okufulumya okuzzaawo obusobozi

Okunoonyereza ku kuzzaawo bbaatule ya LiFePO4 kulaga nti enkola z’okuzzaawo bbaatule ezikoleddwa obulungi zisobola okuzzaawo ebitundu 70% ku busobozi obw’erinnya, wadde ng’omutindo tegudda mu bujjuvu ku nsengeka za bbaatule empya.

Obulabe obuli mu kuddamu kwa lithium kwe kutondebwa kwa dendrite. Singa ebizimbe by’ekikomo oba litiyamu ebyonooneddwa bibaawo dda okuva mu kufuluma okuzitowa, okussaako akasannyalazo aka chajingi kuyinza okugaziya dendrites zino okutuusa lwe ziziba omutala w’ekyawula ne zireeta short circuits ez’omunda. Eno y’ensonga lwaki abakugu bangi bawa amagezi obutagezaako kuddamu kukola nga voltage ekka wansi wa 2.0V buli cell.

Okutegeera engeri bbaatule gye zituuka ku deep discharge kiyamba okukiziyiza.

Emigugu gy’ebiwuka:Mmotoka n'ebyuma eby'omulembe biggya amaanyi ne bwe biba "bizikiddwa." Enkola z’ebyokwerinda, essaawa, n’enkola z’okujjukira kompyuta bikola amazzi agakulukuta buli kiseera. Battery ennungi egumiikiriza emigugu gino, naye ebiseera ebiwanvu nga tebikozesebwa-naddala mu mbeera ennyogovu-biyinza okuvaako okufuluma okw’amaanyi. Ebiwandiiko okuva mu bifo ebikola ku by’emmotoka biraga nti mmotoka ezitudde nga tezikozesebwa okumala wiiki 3-4 zitera okukola bbaatule ezifuluma ennyo.

Enkola ya Alternator oba Charging System Okulemererwa:Alternator y’emmotoka bw’egwa, bbaatule erina amaanyi mu nkola zonna ez’amasannyalaze nga tezizzeemu chajingi. Abavuzi abasinga tebategeera mangu alternator eremereddwa, ne bagenda mu maaso n’okuddukanya mmotoka okutuusa nga bbaatule eweddeko ddala. Okugezesa kulaga nti bbaatule y’emmotoka eya bulijjo ekola amaanyi mu nkola y’amasannyalaze g’emmotoka nga temuli buyambi bwa alternator ejja kufuluma mu buziba mu ddakiika 30-90 ng’ovuze.

Okutereka Nga Tewali Kuddaabiriza:Battery zokka-zifulumya ne bwe ziba tezirina mugugu guyungiddwa. Battery za lead-acid zifiirwa ebitundu 3-20% ku charge buli mwezi okusinziira ku bbugumu. Battery za lithium-ion zeefulumya mpola (1-5% buli mwezi) naye nga zikyalina okucaajinga buli luvannyuma lwa kiseera nga zitereka. Battery eziterekeddwa okumala emyezi 6-12 nga tezicaajinga maintenance zitera okugwa mu deep discharge.

Okukozesa ennyo Wakati w’Emisango:Mmotoka z’amasannyalaze ezivugibwa okusukka ekifo kyazo ekipimiddwa, bbanka za bbaatule z’enjuba eziwanirira emigugu okuyita mu biseera ebiwanvu eby’ebire, oba ebyuma ebitambuza ebikozesebwa obutasalako awatali kuzzaamu chajingi byonna bya bulabe bw’okufuluma mu buziba. Obulabe obukulu bubaawo ng'abakozesa tebafaayo ku kulabula kwa bbaatule entono-ne bagenda mu maaso n'okukola.

Ebikozesebwa ebimu mu ngeri ey’enjawulo byetaaga bbaatule ezisobola okukwata obugaali obuzito bulijjo.

Okutereka Amasoboza g’Enjuba:Enkola z’enjuba ezitali -grid zirina okuwa amasannyalaze ekiro kyonna nga zikozesa amaanyi agakung’aanyizibwa emisana. Kino mu butonde kyetaagisa obusobozi bw’okufulumya amazzi mu buziba. Bbanka za bbaatule z’enjuba ez’omutindo zikozesa bbaatule za lead-acid deep-cycle ezibooga (eziweereddwa 50% DoD) oba LiFePO4 (eziweereddwa 80-90% DoD). Enkola y’enjuba eya bulijjo ey’okusulamu eyinza okuyita mu bitundu 60-80% ku busobozi bwa bbaatule buli kiro.

Okukozesa mu nnyanja:Amaato geetaaga amaanyi ag’obuyambi agesigika mu kutambulira, amataala, n’ebyuma eby’empuliziganya. Battery za marine deep-cycle zigumira enzirukanya y’okufulumya enfunda eziwera okuva mu kukozesa buli lunaku n’emigugu gya wooteeri egy’ekiro. Battery z’ennyanja eza AGM ziwa enkizo y’okuzimba okusibiddwa (tewali kuyiwa mu nnyanja enkalu) ate nga zikwata 50-60% DoD bulijjo.

Mmotoka ez'okwesanyusaamu:RV house battery banks power appliances, amataala, n’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma nga tebiyungiddwa ku masannyalaze ga shore. Okufaananako n’okukozesa mu nnyanja, RVs zeetaaga bbaatule ezisobola okufulumya amazzi mu buziba. RV ez’omulembe zeeyongera okwettanira bbanka za bbaatule za lithium naddala olw’okugumiikiriza kwazo okw’okufuluma okw’obuziba-okusingako n’obulamu obuwanvu obw’enzirukanya.

Mmotoka ezikola amasannyalaze:EVs bulijjo zifulumya ebitundu 20-80% ku busobozi bwa bbaatule mu biseera by’okuvuga ebya bulijjo. Kino kitegeeza okufuluma okuzitowa ennyo bw’ogeraageranya ne bbaatule ezitandika yingini-ezikozesa ebitundu 2-5% byokka buli kutandika. Battery packs za EV zikozesa kemiko za lithium-ion (mu ngeri entuufu NMC oba NCA) nga zirina enkola za BMS ez’omulembe okuddukanya enkola zino ez’okufulumya ate nga zisinga obulamu.

Enkola z’Amasannyalaze aga Backup:Yuniti za Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) zikuuma ebyuma ebikulu nga amasannyalaze gavuddeko. Battery zisigala nga zicaajinga mu bujjuvu ebiseera ebisinga naye zirina okutuusa obusobozi bwazo obujjuvu mu biseera ebiwanvu nga zivuddeko. Enkola za UPS ez’obusuubuzi zitera okukozesa bbaatule za valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) ezikoleddwa okukwata okufuluma okw’obuziba oluusi n’oluusi awatali kulemererwa mangu.

Deep Discharge

Oluusi, naye si bulijjo. Ku bbaatule za lead-acid, singa vvulovumenti esigala waggulu wa 10.5V, okuddamu okukola kitera okusoboka nga tukozesa okucaajinga empola mu ssaawa 24-48. Emiwendo gy’obuwanguzi gikendeera nnyo singa bbaatule etuula ng’ekola okumala ennaku ezisukka mu ntono. Battery za lithium-ion eziri wansi wa 2.5V buli cell oluusi zisobola okuzuulibwa nga tukozesa specialized boost charging, naye akabi k’okutondebwawo kwa dendrite kafuula kino eky’akabi. Chaja ez’omulembe zitera okugaana bbaatule eziri wansi w’ebipimo ebimu ebya vvulovumenti ng’ekipimo ky’obukuumi.

Kisinziira ddala ku kemiko wa bbaatule. Battery za lithium-ion tezeetaaga kufulumya buziba mu bugenderevu-kino lufumo olutwalibwa okuva mu tekinologiya wa nickel-cadmium omukadde. Battery za lead-acid ziganyulwa mu cycles ez’obuziba oluusi n’oluusi (omulundi gumu buli luvannyuma lwa myezi 3-6) okuziyiza stratification ne sulfation, naye okufuluma obuziba bulijjo kukyakendeeza ku bulamu. Enkola esinga obulungi kwe kwewala okufulumya amazzi amangi buli lwe kiba kisoboka.

Battery za deep-cycle zikozesa plates enzito nga zirina denser active material ezikoleddwa okugumira okufuluma okuddiŋŋana okutuuka ku 50% oba wansi. Battery ezitandika zirina obupande obugonvu obulongooseddwa okutuusa okubutuka kwa kasasiro omungi naye okwonooneka mangu singa bufuluma nnyo. Enjawulo mu kuzimba kitegeeza nti bbaatule za deep-cycle zikwata obugaali obwa bulijjo ate nga bbaatule ezitandika zisukkuluma mu kuwa ebikumi n’ebikumi bya amps ezinnyogoga-cranking naye nga teziwera 50 deep discharge cycles.

Butereevu. Ebbugumu erinyogoga likendeeza ku busobozi bwa bbaatule obuliwo-bbaatule eri ku 0℃F eyinza okutuusa ebitundu 50% byokka ku busobozi bwayo obugereddwa. Kino kitegeeza nti bbaatule etuuka mangu nnyo ku vvulovumenti ya deep discharge mu mbeera ennyogovu ne bw’eba ekozesebwa mu ngeri eya bulijjo. Ebbugumu eryokya lyanguya emiwendo gy’okwefulumya, ekivaako bbaatule eziterekeddwa okufulumya amangu mu buziba. Ebintu byombi ebisukkiridde byongera ku bulabe bw’okufulumya amazzi amangi era byetaaga enkola z’okuddaabiriza ezitereezeddwa.

Deep discharge ekiikirira emu ku mbeera ezisinga okwonoona bbaatule ze zisanga. Enkyukakyuka mu kemiko ezibeerawo-okufuumuuka mu bbaatule za asidi w’omusulo-n’okusaanuuka kw’ekikomo mu butoffaali bwa lithium-ion-zeeyongera obutakyuka bbaatule gye zikoma okusigala nga zifukiddwa nnyo. Wadde ng’okudda engulu oluusi kisoboka, okuziyiza nga tuyita mu kuddukanya obulungi bbaatule kusigala nga kukola bulungi nnyo.

Enkola z’okuddukanya bbaatule ez’omulembe ziwa obukuumi obulungi ennyo nga ziteekeddwa mu nkola obulungi, okulondoola vvulovumenti, kasasiro, n’ebbugumu okuziyiza okwonooneka kw’amazzi amangi. Nga olondawo bbaatule ku nkola ezeetaaga okuvuga obuziba bulijjo, okulonda kemiko ezikoleddwa olw’ekigendererwa kino (nga LiFePO4) okusinga okugezaako okukaka bbaatule eza mutindo mu mpeereza ya deep-cycle kijja kuwa omulimu omulungi n’okuwangaala.

Ku bakozesa ebyuma byonna ebikozesebwa bbaatule-, enkola ennyangu ey’okuddamu okucaajinga amangu ddala oluvannyuma lw’okukozesa-nga vvulovumenti tennagwa wansi wa 50% ku lead-asidi oba 20% ku lithium-ion-ejja kwongera nnyo ku bulamu bwa bbaatule n’okwewala ebizibu by’okuddamu okufuluma mu buziba.