Battery cell kye ki?
Ensengeka y’obutoffaali .
Battery emu, era emanyiddwa nga "cell", ye unit esinga obutono mu nkola ya bbaatule. Okusinga kikolebwa katodi (electrode ya katodi), anode (Anode electrode), electrolyte (electrolyte), separator (ekyawula), ne case (Case), nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 7-1.
Ekipande ky’obusannyalazo kya lithium-ekisengejja kiyinza okugabanyizibwamu ng’ekintu ekigatta, okusinga nga kirimu ebitundu bina:
1)Obutundutundu bw’ebintu ebikola obuyingiza oba okuggyamu amasannyalaze ga lithium lithium oba okuggyamu amasannyalaze; Obutoffaali bwa katodi buwa ensibuko ya lithium, ate obutundutundu bwa anode bukkiriza ion za lithium.
2)Ekitundu ekiyisa (kaboni gel phase) ekikolebwa omutabula gwa conductive agent ne current collector, nga ekisiba kikola omulimu gw’okukwatagana; Ekizigo kitambuza obusannyalazo okuyita mu kikung’aanya ekiriwo kati n’ekirungo ekitambuza amasannyalaze.
3)Pores ezijjudde electrolyte, ezikola nga channels for lithium-entambula y’entambula munda mu kipande ky’obusannyalazo.
4)Omukung'aanya w'ebintu mu kiseera kino.
Mu nkola y’amasannyalaze, ekizigo ky’amasannyalaze okusinga kizingiramu enkola 4 zino wammanga:
1)entambula y'amasannyalaze.
2)Entambula y’Endogoyi.
3)Okuwanyisiganya ekisannyalazo ku nsengekera y’obutundutundu bw’amasannyalaze/obusannyalazo, kwe kugamba, ensengekera y’obusannyalazo.
4)Okugaziwa kwa lithium ions munda mu kitundu ekigumu. Mu microstructure y’ekipande ky’obusannyalazo, obunene bw’obutundutundu n’ensaasaanya bikosa lithium-Ekkubo ly’okusaasaana n’ekitundu ekigere eky’okungulu eky’ensengekera y’obusannyalazo; Obunene bw’obuziba n’ensaasaanya bikosa enkola y’entambula y’amasannyalaze; Porosity ekosa obungi bw’ebintu ebikola n’ekitundu ekigere eky’okungulu eky’ensengekera y’amasannyalaze. Ebintu bino byonna eby’obutonde obutonotono ku nkomerero bikwata ku nkola ya bbaatule.
Enzimba ya katoodi .
Katoodi y’obutoffaali esinga kubaamu bintu bya katodi nga LICOO2, ekirungo ekitambuza amasannyalaze, ekizimba (PVDF), n’ekikung’aanya ekiriwo kati ( collector .Aluminiyamu .), nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 7-2.
Ku bbaatule za lithium-ion, ekikung’aanya eky’amasannyalaze ga katodi kitera okuba ekipande kya aluminiyamu era anode current collector eri .ekikomo ekipande .. Okukakasa obutebenkevu bw’ekintu ekikung’aanya ekiriwo kati munda mu bbaatule, obulongoofu bwa byombi bulina okuba waggulu wa 98%. Ensonga lwaki bbaatule za lithium-ezikozesa aluminiyamu ku katodi n’ekikomo ku anode ze nsonga 3 zino wammanga:
1)Copper ne aluminium balina amasannyalaze amalungi, soft texture, ate nga ebbeeyi ya wansi. Enkola ekola eya bbaatule ya lithium-ekola ekyuma ekikyusa amaanyi g’eddagala mu masoboza ag’amasannyalaze. Mu nkola eno, ekisengejja kyetaagisa okutambuza amasoboza g’eddagala mu masoboza ag’amasannyalaze, ekyetaagisa ekintu ekitambuza amasannyalaze. Mu bintu ebya bulijjo, ebyuma birina obutambuzi bw’amasannyalaze obusinga obulungi, ate mu byuma, ekikomo ne aluminiyamu biwa byombi okutambuza obulungi ate nga bya bbeeyi ntono mu ngeri ya kikomo ne aluminiyamu ekipande. Mu bbaatule za lithium-, okusinga waliwo enkola bbiri ez’okulongoosa: okuwuguka n’okuteeka ebiwujjo. Bw’ogeraageranya n’okusiba, okuwuguka kwetaaga empapula z’amasannyalaze ezikozesebwa okuteekateeka bbaatule okusobola okuba n’obugonvu obumu okukakasa nti ebipande by’amasannyalaze tebifuuka biwanvu oba bikutuka mu kiseera ky’okuzingulula. Mu byuma ebikozesebwa, ebipande eby’ekikomo ne aluminiyamu biba bigonvu, ebipande ebikaluba ennyo eby’ekikomo/aluminum bya bbeeyi, ebipande bya kikomo ne aluminiyamu biba bya buseere nnyo, ate eby’obugagga eby’ekikomo ne aluminiyamu biba bingi mu nsi yonna.
2)Popper ne aluminium foils nazo zibeera nga zitebenkedde mu mpewo. Aluminiyamu akola mangu eddagala ne okisigyeni mu mpewo okukola firimu ya okisayidi ennene ku ngulu, n’eziyiza okwongera okukola kwa aluminiyamu. Firimu eno eya oxide eya copper/aluminum era egaba ekintu ekimu eky’obukuumi ku aluminiyamu mu electrolyte. Ekikomo kyennyini kinywevu nnyo mu mpewo era okusinga tekikola ku nkola za kemiko mu mpewo enkalu.
3)Cthode ne anode potentials za lithium-ion battery zisalawo nti aluminiyamu foil ekozesebwa ku cathode ne copper foil for the anode, era teziyinza kudda mabega. Obusobozi bwa katoodi buba bungi, era ekikomo kyanguyirwa okufuuka omukka ku busobozi obw’amaanyi, ate aluminiyamu alina obusobozi bwa oxidation obw’amaanyi ne firimu ya okisayidi ennene ku layeri yaayo ey’okungulu, era nga kino kiwa obukuumi obulungi eri aluminiyamu ow’omunda.
Mu crystal lattice ya metallic aluminium, copper ne aluminiyamu zirina sayizi ezifaanagana ne LI era zisobola bulungi okukola intermetallic compounds ne LI nga lial. Li ne Al tebasobola kukola aloy yokka n’ensengekera ya kemiko lial, naye era bayinza okukola li₉al4al,li₃Al2,li4al ne Li2al alloy layers. Layers zino eza alloy zikozesa omuwendo omunene ogwa LI era nyonoona ensengekera n’enkula ya Al yennyini, kale tesobola kukozesebwa nga anode current collector ya lithium-eyo ion; Nga Cu ekola okusaanuuka okutono ennyo mu kiseera kya bbaatule chajingi-efulumya era n’ekuuma obutebenkevu obw’enzimba n’obusannyalazo, ekigifuula esaanira nga anode current collector ya lithium-battery za ion. Ku kikomo ku 3.5V, akasannyalazo aka polarization katandika okweyongera ennyo era ne kalinnya mu linearly, nga intensified oxidation, ekiraga nti CU nayo etandika okusaanuuka mu bbaatule; ate ku kipande kya aluminiyamu okubuna ekigerageranyo kyonna eky’obusobozi bwa polarization, akasannyalazo ka polarizaasi katono era kanywevu, nga tewali kintu ekirabika eky’okukulukuta ekitunuuliddwa, okukuuma obutebenkevu bw’amasannyalaze. Okuva omuwendo gw’okusaanuuka ogwa Al mu katoodi potential range ya lithium-ion batterys ntono nnyo era obutebenkevu bw’amasannyalaze busobola okukuumibwa, kisaanira nga katodi current collector for lithium-ion batterys.
Olususu lwa okisayidi ku ngulu w’ekikomo/aluminum luli mu semikondokita era lukola obusannyalazo; Singa oluwuzi lwa okisayidi luba lunene nnyo, impedansi eba nnene; Wadde nga oluwuzi lwa aluminiyamu oxide ku ngulu kwa aluminiyamu luli kiziyiza era nga terusobola kukola masannyalaze, naye olw’okuba lugonvu nnyo, okutambuza obusannyalazo kutuukirizibwa okuyita mu nkola y’okukola tunneling; Singa oluwuzi lwa okisayidi luba lunene, obutambuzi bwa kikomo/aluminiyamu buba bubi oba wadde okuziyiza. Okutwalira awamu, ekikomo/aluminum foil kyetaaga okuyonjebwa mu layeri ya okisayidi nga tonnaba kukozesa kuggyamu mafuta ku ludda olumu ne layers za okisayidi enzito ku ludda olulala. Ekisobola kya katodi kiri waggulu, era oluwuzi lwa aluminiyamu oxide luba lwa maanyi nnyo, ekiyinza okuziyiza okufuuka omukka (oxidation) kw’ekintu ekikung’aanya ekiriwo kati. Oxide layers of copper/nickel etc. zibeera nnyo nga zitambula, nga nnyangu okuziyiza collector eriwo kati n’okuwa bbaatule ennungi. Mu kiseera kye kimu, anode potential ya lithium-ion batteries ntono, era ekikomo/nickel kijja kuyita mu oxidation reactions, nga oxidation/copper/de-lithiation reactions ezibeerawo ku copper/nickel surface, ate aluminiyamu ekola lial alloying ku potential enkulu.
Ekikung’aanya ekiriwo kati kyetaaga ebirungo ebirongoofu. Obucaafu mu AL bujja kufuula firimu ey’okungulu okuba etali ya maanyi nnyo era buleete okukulukuta okukulukuta, era n’okusingawo, okusaanyaawo firimu ey’okungulu kivaako okutondebwawo kwa lial alloy.
Ekikung’aanya ekiriwo kati kyetaaga ebirungo ebirongoofu. Obucaafu mu AL bujja kuleetera firimu ey’okungulu okubeera entono, ekivaako okukulukuta, n’okusingawo, okusaanyaawo firimu ey’okungulu kivaamu okutondebwawo kwa lial alloy.
Ku bbaatule za lithium-, ekipande kya katodi aluminiyamu kikendeezeddwa okuva ku 16μm okutuuka ku 14μm, olwo okutuuka ku 12μm, era kati 10μm aluminiyamu yafuuka dda mu kukola mu bungi, ng’abamu batuuse n’okukozesa 8μm; Ku anode copper foil, olw’okukyukakyuka kwayo mu butonde, obuwanvu bwayo bukendeezeddwa okuva ku 12μm eyasooka okutuuka ku 10μm, olwo okutuuka ku 8μm, era mu kiseera kino ekitundu ekinene eky’amasasi-egikolebwa nga tukozesa 6μm, ate abamu abakola 5μm/4μm nga kino nakyo kiyinza okukozesebwa. Okuva bbaatule za lithium- zirina obulongoofu obw’amaanyi ku kipande ky’ekikomo ekikozesebwa, obungi bw’ebintu okusinga buba ku mutendera gwe gumu. Nga obuwanvu obuli wansi w’enkulaakulana bwe bukendeera, density ya areal ekendeera okusinziira ku ekyo, era obuzito bwa bbaatule mu butonde bufuuka buweweevu era nga buweweevu, ekituukana n’obwetaavu bwa lithium-battery za bbaatule.
Ku bakung’aanya abaliwo kati, ng’oggyeeko obuwanvu bwazo n’obuzito bwazo obukosa bbaatule za lithium-, eby’okungulu eby’omukung’aanya w’akaseera kano nabyo birina kinene kye bikola ku kukola bbaatule n’okukola. Naddala ku anode current collector, olw’obulema mu technology y’okuteekateeka, ebipande by’ekikomo ku katale bisinga kuba bya kimu-biriko roughened, double-bikubirizibwa nga bikalubye, era emirundi ebiri-ebika ebikaluba. Ensengekera eno ey’oludda olutalina asymmetric bbiri-ejja kuleeta obutakwatagana obutakwatagana (asymmetric contact resistance) bw’ekizigo kya anode ku njuyi zombi, bwe kityo ne kiremesa okufulumya kwa anode mu ngeri y’emu ku njuyi zombi; Mu kiseera kye kimu, asymmetry ku njuyi zombi era ejja kuleeta amaanyi g’okunyweza agatali gakwatagana ag’ekizigo kya anode, ekivaamu charge etali ya bbalansi ey’amaanyi-okufuuwa enzirukanya y’ekizigo kya anode ku njuyi zombi, ekiddamu okwanguya okuvunda kw’obusobozi bwa bbaatule.
Enkola ya katodi y’obutoffaali obumu ye tekinologiya omukulu omukulu ow’akatoffaali. Wansi waliwo ekyokulabirako:
1)lisiizi2 (10μm): 96.0%.
2)Ekirungo ekiziyiza (carbon eCP): 2.0%.
3)binder (PVDF 761): 2.0%.
4)Adhesion promoter (NMP): Omugerageranyo gw’obuzito bw’ebintu ebigumu guli nga 810:1496.
Enkola ya cathode formulation: .
1)Cathode Slurry Viscosity Okufuga ku 6000CP (1cp=1MPa · S) (Ebbugumu 25 Diguli ).
2)Obuzito bwa NMP bulina okutereezebwa mu ngeri esaanidde okutuukiriza ekyetaagisa mu buzito.
3)Sabira ddala ku ngeri ebbugumu n’obunnyogovu gye bikwata ku buzito.
Cathode Material Lithium Cobalt Oxide: Ekintu ekikola cathode, ensibuko ya ion ya lithium, kiwa ensibuko ya lithium eri bbaatule. Non-ekintu eky’ekika kya polar, ekifaananyi ekitali kya bulijjo, obunene bw’obutundutundu D50 okutwalira awamu 6-8μm, ebirimu obunnyogovu obutono oba obwenkana 0.2%, ebiseera ebisinga alkaline, pH 10-11.
cathode material lithium manganese oxide: non-ekintu eky’empologoma, ekifaananyi ekitali kya bulijjo, obunene bw’obutundutundu D50 okutwalira awamu 5-7μm, obunnyogovu obutono oba obwenkana 0.2%, ebiseera ebisinga nga bunafu alkaline, pH okwetoloola 8.
Ekirungo ekitambuza amasannyalaze: olujegere-Ekintu ekiringa, ebirimu obunnyogovu .<1%, particle size generally 1~5um.Superconductive carbon black with excellent conductivity is usually used, such as KetjenblackCarbon ECP and ECP600JD. lts function is to improve the conductivity of the cathode material,compensate for the electronic conductivity of the cathode active material; increase the electrolyteabsorption of the cathode sheet, expand the reaction interface, and reduce polarization.
Ekizimba (PVDF): Ekitali-ekintu eky’empologoma, olujegere-nga, obuzito bwa molekyu okuva ku 300000 okutuuka ku 3000000; Obuzito bwa molekyu bukendeera oluvannyuma lw’okunyiga amazzi, ekivaamu okunywerera obubi. LT isused okusiba lithium cobalt oxide, conductive agent, ne aluminium foil oba aluminium mesh togetheladhesion promoter (NMP): amazzi amanafu aga polar, agakozesebwa okusaanuuka/okuziyiza PVDF n’omulundi gumu slurry.
Current Collector (Cathode tab): Ekoleddwa mu aluminiyamu foil oba aluminium strip.
Enzimba ya anode .
Ensengekera ya anoodi y’obutoffaali erimu ekintu kya graphite, ekirungo ekiyisa, ekigogola (CMC), ekizimba (SBR), n’ekikung’aanya ekiriwo kati (ekikomo), nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 7-3.
Enkola ya anode ey’obutoffaali obumu nayo y’emu ku tekinologiya omukulu omukulu ow’akatoffaali, mu ngeri entuufu bweti:
1)Anode ebintu (graphite): 94.5%.
2)Ekirungo ekiziyiza (kaboni ECP): 1.0% (KetjenBlack).
3)Binder (Styrene-Butadiene omupiira latex, SBR): 2.25%.
4)Omuwangaazi (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC): 2.25%.
5)Amazzi: Omugerageranyo gw’obuzito bw’ebintu ebigumu guli 1600:1417.5.
Enkola ya anode ey’okusengeka: .
1)Anode slurry viscosity okufuga ku 5000-6000CP (ebbugumu 25℃).
2)Obuzito bw’amazzi bwetaaga okutereezebwa mu ngeri esaanidde okutuukiriza ekyetaagisa mu buzito.
3)Sabira ddala ku ngeri ebbugumu n’obunnyogovu gye bikwata ku buzito.
Graphite: anode active material, ekintu ekikulu ekikola anode reaction, okusinga nga kyawulwamu ebitundu bibiri ebikulu: graphite ow’obutonde ne graphite ey’obutonde. Non-ekintu kya polari, kyangu okukyama ebirungo ebitali-ebyangu, ebyangu okusaasaanyizibwa mu bintu ebitali-ebiwujjo; Si kyangu kunyiga mazzi, wadde okwangu okusaasaana mu mazzi. Graphite omucaafu, oluvannyuma lw’okusaasaanyizibwa mu mazzi, atera okuddamu-agglomerate. Enkula y’obutundutundu obw’awamu D50 eri ku 20μm. Enkula z’obutundutundu za njawulo era zisinga kuba za bulijjo, okusinga nga za spherical, flaky, fibrous, etc.
Emirimu gy’ekirungo ekiyisa amasannyalaze:
1)Okulongoosa obutambuzi bw’olupapula lwa anode n’okuliyirira obutambuzi bw’obusannyalazo bw’ekintu ekikola anode.
2)Okwongera ku buziba bw’okuddamu n’omuwendo gw’okukozesa.
3)Okuziyiza omulembe gwa dendrites.
4)Okukozesa amazzi-obusobozi bw’okunyiga ebintu ebiyisa amasannyalaze okwongera ku nsengekera y’ensengekera n’okukendeeza ku polarization (busobola okugattibwako oba obutayongerwako okusinziira ku kugabanya obunene bw’obutundutundu bwa graphite).
Ebirungo ebigattibwamu: Okukendeeza ku bikolwa ebitali bikyukakyuka, okwongera amaanyi mu kukwatagana n’okuziyiza okuwunya, n’okuziyiza okutonnya kw’obuwuka obuyitibwa slurry sedimentation.
Thithener/anti-Ekirungo ekitereeza (CMC): ekirungo kya molekyu ekiwanvu, kyangu okusaanuuka mu mazzi n’ebiziyiza eby’enjuba.
isopropanol: ekintu ekinafu eky’enjuba; Oluvannyuma lw’okugattako, esobola okukendeeza ku polarity y’ekisengejjero ekiziyiza, okulongoosa okukwatagana wakati wa graphite ne binder solution; alina ekikolwa eky’amaanyi eky’okukendeeza ku buziba; Kyangu okutandikawo omusalaba-okuyunga omukutu gwa binder n'okulongoosa amaanyi g'okukwatagana.
ethanol: ekintu ekinafu eky’enjuba; Oluvannyuma lw’okugattako, esobola okukendeeza ku polarity y’ekisengejjero ekiziyiza, okulongoosa okukwatagana wakati wa graphite ne binder solution; alina ekikolwa eky’amaanyi eky’okukendeeza ku buziba; Kyangu okutandikawo linear cross-okuyunga ekizimba era kilongoosa amaanyi g’okukwatagana (emirimu gya isopropanol ne ethanol mu bukulu gye gimu; bwe kiba nti obuzito-okukola, ensonga z’omuwendo zisobola okulowoozebwako okulondako ekimu eky’okugattako).
amazzi-okusinziira ku kizimba (SBR): kiyunga graphite, ekirungo ekitambuza, ebirungo ebigattibwamu, n’ekikomo ekipande oba ekikomo akayitibwa mesh; Molekyulu ya linear chain emulsion, etabulwa nnyo mu mazzi ne polar solvents.
Amazzi agataliimu ayoni (oba amazzi agafumbiddwa): Diluent, agagattibwa mu bungi obutuufu, gasobola okukyusa amazzi g’ekikuta.
Anode tab: ekoleddwa mu kikomo oba ekikomo strip.
