BMS Etegeeza Ki?
Enkola y’okuddukanya bbaatuleAnnyonnyodde
Katono twagula batch ya DALY BMS units mu 2021. Bbeeyi yalabika bulungi nnyo, specs yakeberebwa ku lupapula, era sales rep yasuubiza CAN bus compatibility ne Victron inverters zaffe. Nga wayise wiiki ssatu nga ziteekeddwa ku kibinja kya pilot AGV, twakizuula nti yuniti zino zaali zibalansiza cells zokka mu kiseera ky’okucaajinga, so si nga ziwummudde. App eno yagwa buli kiseera. Bluetooth yali yeetaaga okuddamu-okugatta buli luvannyuma lwa nnaku ntono. Twamaliriza nga tukyusizza yuniti zonna 24 ne tussaamu bboodi za JBD ku ssente ezikubisaamu emirundi ebiri.
Obumanyirivu obwo bwatuyigiriza ekintu spec sheets ze zitayogerako: Omutindo gwa BMS gulabika mu details ezitwala emyezi okuzuula.
Kale BMS Kiki, Ddala?
Eky’okuddamu mu kitabo ky’okusoma
enkola ya Battery Management System erondoola vvulovumenti z’obutoffaali, eddukanya okutambula kwa kasasiro, erondoola ebbugumu, era ekuuma obutoffaali bwa lithium okuva ku mbeera ezireeta omuliro oba okufa nga tebunnatuuka.
Eky’okuddamu eky’omugaso
kye kitundu ekisalawo oba bbaatule yo eya doola 15,000 ewangaala emyaka 4 oba emyaka 12. Oba ekibinja kyo ekya forklift kifuna ekintu kimu eky’ebbugumu oba zero. Oba warranty claims zo zisigala wansi wa 1% oba okulinnya okusukka 3%.
Ku Polinovel, tulondodde data ya warranty mu ba BMS munaana okuva mu 2018. Ennamba zigamba emboozi entegeerekeka.
Emiwendo gy’okusaba ggaranti okusinziira ku mutendera gw’abagaba ebintu (2018-2022, yuniti 3,247)
| Ekika ky'abagaba ebintu | Omuwendo gw'okulemererwa mu myezi 24 | Enkola y’okulemererwa okusookerwako | Ebiwandiiko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orion, REC, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | 0.4-0.7% | Okuwuguka kwa sensa | Okukwatagana mu bitundu byonna |
| JK (JIKONG), JBD | 0.8-1.2% | Ebizibu bya firmware (ebitereezebwa) . | Obuwagizi bwa app obw'amaanyi |
| Ekika ky’Awaka A | 2.1% | Circuit y’okutebenkeza | Yalongoosebwa mu batch za 2023 |
| Brand y’omunda mu ggwanga B | 3.1% | MOSFET okulemererwa | Ensonga z’okulondoola omutindo |
| DALY | 3.8% | Ensonga eziwera | Laba ebiwandiiko wansi |
Embeera ya DALY esaana okunnyonnyolwa. Dizayini yaabwe ey’ekisenge ekissiddwako akabonero mu butuufu ekola bulungi ku kuziyiza amazzi. Naye app yaabwe erina emmunyeenye 1.7 olw’ensonga entuufu. Tufunye yuniti ezirina ensobi mu kusengeka ekkolero. "100A discharge" rating yaabwe etera okutegeeza 50A charging capacity, nga tewali akugamba upfront. Kino kasitoma omu yakizuula oluvannyuma lw’enkola yaabwe ey’okusasula ssente obutasobola kuwa mutindo gwe baali basuubira.
Okubeera obwenkanya, yuniti za DALY zikola bulungi ku pulojekiti z’embalirira gy’otogenda kwetaaga buyambi bwa tekinologiya. Just tosuubira buyambi nga waliwo ekikyamu.
Ebyenfuna Ebikulu Mu butuufu
Buli omu ajuliza omuwendo gwa "143% ROI improvement" okuva ku electravehicles.com. Tulabye ennamba ezifaanagana mu deployments zaffe, naye okubala si kwangu.
Laba engeri gye tukinnyonnyolamu obukiiko obugula ebintu:
Okugerageranya ebisale: 50-Unit AGV Fleet Okusukka Emyaka 8
| Ekika ky’Ensimbi | Embalirira BMS Enkola | Enkola ya BMS ey’omutindo |
|---|---|---|
| Omuwendo gwa BMS ogusooka (buli yuniti) . | $180 | $650 |
| Fleet BMS okusiga ensimbi | $9,000 | $32,500 |
| Battery pack ya ssente (48V 100Ah LFP) | $45,000 × 50 = $2.25M | Mu |
| Kisuubirwa okukyusa pack | Omwaka 4-5 (ekibinja ekijjuvu) . | Omwaka 10+ (ekitundu) . |
| Ssente z’okukyusa mu mwaka 5 | ~$2.0M (okusereba kw'emiwendo) | $0 |
| Ebintu ebibaawo mu kiseera ky’okuyimirira nga tebitegekeddwa | 12-18 buli mwaka | 2-4 buli mwaka |
| Ebisale by’okuyimirira ($800/ekintu ekibaddewo) | $76,800-$115,200 | $12,800-$25,600 |
Enjawulo ya doola 23,500 mu nsimbi za BMS erabika nga nnene okutuusa ng’ofaayo ku cycle emu ey’okukyusa bbaatule. Tubadde ne bakasitoma nga bakaayana ku nsonga eno okumala wiiki, olwo ne batukubira essimu oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ebiri nga basaba okuddamu okutereeza yuniti za BMS ezisingako obulungi. Mu kiseera ekyo, obutoffaali obumu bwawukana dda ne butasobola kuddamu kukola.
Pulojekiti emu naddala yakyusa engeri gye tukwatamu emboozi zino. Omuddukanya sitoowa mu Ohio yakkaatirizza ku nkola y’embalirira wadde nga twateesa. Nga wayise emyezi 18, baalaba omukolo gw’ebbugumu mu paaka emu. Tewali muntu yenna yalumiziddwa, naye okunoonyereza kwa yinsuwa n’okuyimirira kw’ekifo kino kyabafiiriza ssente nnyingi okusinga bbaatule zonna ezaasooka okuteekebwamu. Tetusobola kugabana linnya lya kkampuni, naye lipoota y’ebyabaddewo ya lukale nga tuyita mu ofiisi y’omuduumizi w’omuliro mu kitundu.
Technical Specs: Ebyo by’olina okunoonya mu butuufu
Ebipande ebisinga ebya BMS spec biwandiika obutuufu bwa vvulovumenti nga "±0.5%" oba "±10mV." Zombi ziwulikika nga zituufu. Tewali n’emu ekubuulira kikulu.
Ekibuuzo ekikulu ku nkola za LiFePO4: enkola ekuuma obutuufu mu kitundu kya 3.2-3.35V plateau? Wano obutoffaali bwa LFP we bumala ebitundu 80% ku budde bwabwo obw’okukola, era enkolagana ya vvulovumenti-ku-SOC kumpi ya fulaati. Ensobi y’okupima 5mV mu bbanga lino esobola okuvaamu ensobi y’okubalirira SOC eya 8%. Eyo y’enjawulo wakati w’okulowooza nti olina obusobozi 30% obusigaddewo ate mu butuufu okuba n’ebitundu 22%.
Tulambika obutuufu bwa 0.3% ku nkola zaffe eza AGV, ezigula ebitundu nga 15% okusinga enkola za 0.5% eza bulijjo. Okusuubulagana kuno kusaana ku mirimu egyetaaga okuteebereza ebanga eryesigika.
Specifications Tukakasa Mubutuufu (Si Kukkiriza Kwokka okuva mu Datasheets)
| Parameter | Okwewozaako ku Datasheet | Bye Tugezesa | Lwaki Kikulu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Obutuufu bwa vvulovumenti | ±0.5% ku diguli 25 | ±? ku diguli -10 ne diguli 45 | Warehouse temps zaawukana |
| Okutebenkeza akasannyalazo | "Okutebenkeza okukola". | Okupima mA okwa nnamaddala | Bangi bagamba nti "active" nga balina 40mA passive |
| Ekipimo ekiriwo kati | 100A egenda mu maaso | Enkwata ku ntikko, derating curve | Entikko za 130A zitta yuniti ezipimiddwa 100A- |
| Enjogerezaganya | "CAN ekwatagana". | Okukakasa protocol nga tukozesa inverter egenderere | "Ekwatagana" kitegeeza ebintu eby'enjawulo |
Ensonga ya balancing current esaana okussibwako essira. Singa olupapula lwa spec terulaga muwendo gwa milliamp ogw'enjawulo ogw'okutebenkeza current, "omulimu gw'okutebenkeza" guyinza obutabaawo mu ngeri yonna ey'amakulu. Enkola za passive zitera okudduka 30-100mA. Enkola ezikola ezitambuza ddala amasoboza wakati w’obutoffaali zikola ku 600mA oba okusingawo. Tulabye yuniti ezisuubulibwa nga "active balancing" ezapima 45mA mu kugezesa.
Ekiwandiiko ku Cheap BMS Architecture
Kino kiva mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo okwabaddewo mu lukiiko lwa yinginiya okwatuwonya okusalawo okubi. Dizayini ezimu eza BMS ez'omuwendo omutono-zikozesa chips ez'obukuumi obw'obutoffaali obumu-omuntu ssekinnoomu (nga DW01) eziyungiddwa mu waya mu parallel okukola ensengeka z'obutoffaali bungi-. Chips zino zikoleddwa ku mirimu gya 1S gyokka. Abakola bwe bazisiba enjegere ku paaka za 4S, 10S, oba 20S, buli chip ekola nga yeetongodde nga tewali bukuumi bukwatagana.
Enkola y’okulemererwa ya bulabe: singa chip emu efa olw’okufuluma okutambula oba obunnyogovu, ekibinja ekyo eky’obutoffaali kifiirwa obukuumi bwonna ate nga enkola endala esigala ekola. Pack teggalawo. Tekulabula. Kimala kudduka nga tekikuumibwa okutuusa ng’ekintu kiremye mu ngeri ey’akatyabaga.
Dizayini za BMS ez’omutindo zikozesa IC ezeetongodde ez’okulondoola obutoffaali bungi- okuva mu Texas Instruments, Analog Devices, oba abagaba ebintu ebifaananako bwe bityo. Chips zino zirondoola cells zonna nga ziyita mu integrated circuits nga zirina failure modes ezisooka okuggalawo safe. Enjawulo mu nsaasaanya mpozzi eri $15-30 buli unit ku volume. Enjawulo mu by’okwerinda tegeraageranyizibwa.
Twalekera awo okulowooza ku supplier yenna atasobola kunnyonnyola IC architecture yaabwe. Singa yinginiya w'okutunda tamanyi oba bakozesa chips za single-cell mu parallel oba proper multi-cell ICs, ekyo kikubuulira ekintu ku buziba bwa yinginiya waabwe.
Ebiwandiiko Ebikakasa: Bye Bitegeeza n’Ebitategeeza
Bakasitoma baffe aba North America batera okusaba "UL certified" BMS. Ebigambo ebikozesebwa (terminology) bikulu wano.
Ebbaluwa ya UN38.3 ekwata ku byokwerinda by’entambula. Okukankana, obugulumivu, okutambula kw’ebbugumu, okukuba. Tekola ku bukuumi bw’emirimu mu kiseera ky’okukozesebwa kwennyini. Buli bbaatule ya lithium esindikibwa mu nsi yonna yeetaaga UN38.3. Okubeera nayo kitegeeza nti ekintu kyo kisobola okusala ensalo mu mateeka. Okubeera nayo tekitegeeza nti BMS ejja kukuuma obutoffaali bwo mu kiseera ky’ensobi mu kucaajinga.
IEC 62619 ekwata ku kukozesa-obukuumi bwa phase ku nkola z'amakolero. Guno gwe mutindo ogukola ku byetaago by’okuziyiza okudduka okuva mu bbugumu n’okugatta BMS. Bw’oba oteeka bbaatule za lithium mu forklifts, AGVs, oba stationary storage, eno ye satifikeeti mu butuufu enkulu eri obukuumi bw’emirimu.
UL 1973 ekwata nnyo ku kutereka amaanyi agatali gakyukakyuka mu North America. Mulimu ebyetaago by’okugezesa okusaasaana kw’ebbugumu n’okugumira ensobi IEC 62619 by’etabikka mu bujjuvu.
Mu bufunze okubikka ku satifikeeti
| Omutindo | Ebikwata ku Ntambula | Ebikka ku Operation | Ebikka ku Thermal Runaway | Ekyetaagisa Ku... |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN38.3 | Yee | Nedda | Nedda | Okusindika ebintu mu nsi yonna |
| IEC 62619 | Nedda | Yee | Yee | Okuyiwa mu makolero |
| UL 1973. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | Nedda | Yee | Yee | Okutereka ebintu ebitali bimu mu North America |
| UL 9540 | Nedda | Enkola-omutendera | Yee | Okuteekebwako kwa ESS okujjuvu |
Tulabye abagaba ebintu nga bagamba nti "UL recognized component" status (the yellow card) nga yenkana n'olukalala lwa UL olujjuvu. Si bwe kiri. Pulojekiti y’omu North America gye twagenda okukola yaggyibwako ebisaanyizo kubanga ttiimu ya yinginiya wa kasitoma yakkiriza ebiwandiiko bya kaadi ya kyenvu, era ekitongole ekyalina obuyinza kyabigaana mu kwekebejja okwasembayo. Pulojekiti eno yalwawo emyezi esatu nga bwe bafuna ebyuma ebigoberera amateeka.
Omutindo gwa IEEE 2686-2024 gusaana okwogerwako wano. Si satifikeeti ya kiragiro, naye ekiikirira enkola esooka okusemba naddala ku BMS y’okutereka amaanyi agatali gakyukakyuka. Abagaba ebintu abajuliza okugoberera IEEE 2686 waakiri bafaayo ku nkola ennungi eziriwo kati. (exponent.com ekuuma ebifunze ebirungi eby’ekikugu ku mutindo guno bw’oba oyagala okusoma mu bujjuvu.)
Engeri gye twekenneenya Abagaba ebintu Kati
Oluvannyuma lw’eby’okuyiga ebimala, twakola enkola ey’okwekenneenya etakyukakyuka. Si buli pulojekiti nti yeetaaga buli kukebera, naye okubuuka emitendera kitufiiriza emirundi egimala ne tulemererwa okukola obulungi.
Okukakasa obukuumi n’okugoberera amateeka kwe kusooka. Tusaba ennamba za lipoota z’ebigezo entuufu, so si kusaba kwa satifikeeti zokka. Lipoota y’okukebera eya IEC 62619 entuufu erina ennamba y’ekiwandiiko, laboratory y’okukebera, n’embeera z’okukebera ezenjawulo. Singa omugabi asobola okuwa ekifaananyi kya satifikeeti kyokka, tusima nnyo.
Okukwataganya eby’ekikugu kwe kuddako. Ddala BMS voltage range ebikka pack configuration yo ne margin? 16S BMS ku kkomo lyayo erisinga obunene si y’emu ne 20S BMS ekola ku 16S. Ddala protocol y'empuliziganya ekola ne charger yo ne inverter, oba "CAN compatible" kitegeeza "tukozesa CAN naye nga tulina proprietary message formatting"?
Tukakasa balancing current nga twetongodde bwe kiba kisoboka. Abagaba ebintu bakimanyi nti tukebera, ekitera okukuuma spec sheets nga bwesimbu.
Okugenda mu maaso n’okugabira abantu ebintu kikulu nnyo okusinga ttiimu ezisinga obungi ezigula ebintu bwe zikitegeera. Omugabi wa BMS ayimiriza pulojekiti yo eya model mid- aleeta okulumwa omutwe ogw'okukyusa okumala emyaka. Tubuuza ku nteekateeka z’ebintu, obungi bwa order obutono obw’okugula mu biseera eby’omu maaso, n’okumanya oba dizayini ekozesa ebitundu by’ebintu oba ASIC ez’enjawulo eziyinza okufuuka ezitafunibwa.
Ku bigonjoola byaffe ebya bbaatule z'amakolero ku Polinovel, okugatta kwa BMS kubaawo mu kiseera ky'okukola dizayini ya cell-to{1}}pack. Tetuzzaawo BMS ya kibiina kya kusatu-ku packs eziwedde. Kino kitusobozesa okulongoosa okuteeka sensa, okuyisa waya, n’okuddukanya ebbugumu ng’enkola okusinga okukola ku bizibu ebiva mu kussaako oluvannyuma lw’okutunda. Ttiimu yaffe eya yinginiya ekola sayizi z’ebiragiro bya BMS okusinziira ku byetaago byennyini eby’okukozesa: enzirukanya y’emirimu, ebifaananyi by’amasannyalaze ag’oku ntikko, ebbugumu ery’omu kitundu, ebyetaago by’enkola y’empuliziganya.
Bw’oba weetegereza engeri za bbaatule za lithium ku byuma ebikwata ebintu oba mmotoka z’amakolero, emboozi ya BMS erina okubaawo nga bukyali mu nkola y’okulaga, so si ng’okulowooza oluvannyuma. Ebibuuzo ebikulu bikwata ku nkola-eby'enjawulo, era okugeraageranya kwa generic spec kusubwa ebisinga ku bikwata ku kwesigika okw'ekiseera ekiwanvu-.
Tuukirira ng'oyita ku mukutu gwaffe ogw'okukwatagana n'ebikwata ku kusaba kwo. Tujja kukubuulira mu bwesimbu oba eby’okugonjoola byaffe bituukana n’ebyetaago byo oba olina okutunula awalala.
