Battery z'emmotoka ezikozesebwa

Alright, kankubuulire ekintu ku utility vehicle batteries nga tewali ayagala kukkiriza – abantu abasinga bagula nkyamu. Nze Jake Morrison, era mbadde nddukanya enkola za bbaatule z'ebisaawe bya Golf, ebifo ebisanyukirwamu, n'ebifo eby'amakolero okuva mu 2009. Mu kiseera ekyo, twali tukyali mu kuyomba oba Lithium yali "yeetegefu" (spoiler: teyali, ddala, si ku myaka emirala 3-4).

Okuyonja ennyumba mu bwangu nga sinnaba kwerabira:Bwoba osoma bino kubanga fleet manager wo yakuweereza link oluvannyuma lwa battery yo ey'omukaaga okukyusa quarter eno, yeah, twalaba firimu eyo emabegako. Tukubire ku nnamba eri wansi, oba tokola – naye waakiri soma ekitundu ku nkola z’okusasuza kubanga awo 80% ku mmwe mwe mutta bbaatule zammwe.

Ku Lwokubiri oluwedde, dayirekita w’ebikozesebwa okuva mu kifo ekimu eky’okwewummuzaamu mu Scottsdale yankubira essimu – ka tumuyite Ray kubanga, bulungi, eryo lye linnya lye – era yasunguwala nnyo. yasaasaanya ddoola 47,000 ku kibinja ekipya eky’emmotoka ezikozesa ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo emyezi kkumi na munaana emabega, era ekitundu kya bbaatule zaakubwa dda amasasi. "Jake," bw'agamba, "battery zino za kasasiro. Omukozi yatusikula."

Nedda. Ray yali abakuba charge mu bukyamu. Abakozi be abaddaabiriza baali bakola kye baali bakoze bulijjo n’omusulo omukadde-acid setup, nga kino kyennyini kye kikyamu okutambula ne lithium systems.

Kino kibaawo ddala buli wiiki, era mu bwesimbu, kikooya okunnyonnyola ekintu kye kimu emirundi n’emirundi. Kale wano we tuli.

Utility Vehicle Batteries

Laba, mmanyi buli muntu hyping lithium ennaku zino, naye lead-acid akyalina amakulu ku bingi ebikozesebwa. Here’s the thing – bw’oba oddukanya ekisaawe kya Golf ekitono n’ebigaali 15 era ofunye Jerry the Maintenance Guy abaddeyo okuva mu 1987 era amanyi bulungi engeri y’okulabirira ebintu bino, don’t switch. Nze ndi siriyaasi.

Battery za Acid ezijjudde amazzi-.Yeetaaga okufukirira. Yee, kiruma. Yee, abakozi bo bajja kwerabira. Naye bali ku buseere mu maaso – twogera $800-$1,200 buli bbaatule etera okusinziira ku $2,500-$4,000 ku lithium equivalents. Ku mirimu egitalina ssente nnyingi, okubala okwo kukulu.

Nakola n’ekitongole kya county Parks omwaka oguwedde (okuleekaana eri abantu mu Henderson County, NC – omanyi ani gw’oli) eyayagala okugenda byonna-lithium. Nnabyogerako nga bava mu kyo. Lwaaki? Olw’okuba enzirukanya yaabwe ey’embalirira kirooto kibi, baalina lead perfect-acid charging infrastructure, n’engeri gye bakozesaamu (essaawa 4-5 buli lunaku, enteekateeka y’okucaajinga etali ya njawulo) yali nnungi ddala ku bbaatule za AGM.

AGM (Ekitanda ky’endabirwamu ekinyweddwa) .– Eno y’ensonga ey’omu makkati. Okusiba, tewali kufukirira, kukwata kukankana okusinga. Bino tubikozesa nnyo mu nkola ezitali za bulijjo. Loogi z’okuyigga zibagala nnyo, mmotoka z’obukuumi mu bifo ebisanyukirwamu, ekintu eky’ekika ekyo.

Ekintu kimu ekyewuunyisa ku AGM kye saategeera okutuusa mpozzi 2012-2013 – bakyawa ddala okuterekebwa ku kitundu. Twalina kasitoma okutereka mmotoka zaabwe eza sizoni mu kiseera ky’obutiti ku 60% charge (erabika nga logical, right?) era nga bafiirwa 30% capacity buli mwaka. Kati tubasindika ekiwandiiko kya custom storage protocol – kikuume ku 100%, kebera buli mwezi, era nga zaabu.

Wano we kifunira okunyuma. Lithium-Ekyuma – naddala LifePO4 (lithium iron phosphate) ku nkola z’emmotoka ezisinga obungi ez’omugaso – zibeera mu mateeka game-okukyusa. Naye marketing hype efunye wala nnyo mu nkola ey’omugaso.

Obuzito obutono:Yee, kya ddala. Tuli mu kwogera 50-60% okukendeeza ku buzito mu ngeri entuufu. Kino kikulu okusinga bw’oyinza okulowooza. Okulinnya ku lusozi olulungi, okwambala okutono ku bitundu by’okuyimirizaawo, obusobozi bw’omugugu omungi. Ku bifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiddukira waggulu olunaku lwonna (nga bikutunuulira, Deer Valley), kino kinene nnyo.

Obulamu bw’obugaali obuwanvu:Ono ye munene. Battery za LifePO4 ez’omutindo zirina okukuwa enzirukanya 2,000-3,000 nga tonnaba kukka ku 80% obusobozi. lead-asidi? Mpozzi 500-800 cycles singa oba oziyisa bulungi (nga abantu abasinga tebali).

Nakola okubala kwa kasitoma mu Palm Springs – baddukanya mmotoka 40, ennaku 7 mu wiiki, omwaka-round. Mu bbanga lya myaka 5, ne bwe baba nga basinga ssente mu maaso, Lithium yabawonya ddoola 83,000. Ekyo kizingiramu ssente zaffe ez’okuddukanya emirimu, by the way.

Okucaajinga amangu:Kino kirimu okusika omuguwa okw’ekyewuunyo. Yee, lithium asobola okusaajana amangu – naye yandibadde? Tutera okukola programu ku nkola zaffe ku chajingi z’essaawa 2-3 wadde nga bbaatule ziyinza okukwata ku chajingi z’essaawa emu, kubanga obuwangaazi bwa bbaatule bukka ku jjinja nga lirina okucaajinga okw’amaanyi.

Aba Manufacturer Reps bakyawa abantu bwe mbabuulira bino, naye siri mu bizinensi ya kukutunda bbaatule empya buli luvannyuma lwa myezi 18.

Enkola y'obudde ennyogovu:Kiba kya ntiisa mu butuufu wansi wa 32℃F (0℃). Chemistry just tekola bulungi. Tulina ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebya ski ebyagenda byonna-lithium ate oluvannyuma ne birina okuddaabiriza enkola z’ebbugumu mu bikozesebwa byabwe eby’okucaajinga. Yayongeddeko ddoola 15,000 ku pulojekiti eno nga tewali muntu yenna yagiteeka mu mbalirira.

Bw’oba oli mu Minnesota, Wisconsin, wonna w’ofuna winter entuufu – weetaaga bbaatule ezibuguma oba ebifo ebibuguma eby’okucaajinga. Ekiseera. Sifaayo ku brocuwa y'okutunda ky'egamba.

Ebisale ebisookerwako:Bwekiri. Naye wuuno ekintu abantu kye basubwa – si ssente za bbaatule zokka. Ye nkola y’okucaajinga, enkola ya BMS (Battery Management System) erongoosa, okutendeka abakozi, byonna. Embalirira ya 30-40% okusinga ku bbeeyi ya bbaatule yokka olw’okukyusa obulungi.

Obuzibu:lead-enkola za asidi za busirusiru nnyangu. Suula vvulovumenti, kebera amazzi (for flooded), oli mulungi. Enkola za lithium zirina BMS units ezikoleddwa ku kompyuta, okulondoola ebbugumu, enkola y’okutebenkeza obutoffaali... Bwe zikola, zibeera za kitalo. Bwe batakola, oba oyita omukugu.

Omwezi oguwedde twalina ekifo eky’okuwummuliramu mu Sedona nga BMS yalemereddwa ku bbaatule ya 3-eweeyo eya wiiki. Battery yennyini yali nnungi, naye enkola ya control system yalowooza nti obutoffaali bwali buvudde ku bbalansi ne buggalawo buli kimu. Yatwala ennaku bbiri okufuna eky’okukyusaamu nga kiweerezeddwa n’okuteekebwa mu pulogulaamu. Mu kiseera kino, abakozi baabwe abaddaabiriza baali bafudde mu mazzi.

Kino kigenda kuwulikika nga kikaluba, naye wuuno agenda: Ebimotoka ebisinga ebikozesa amasannyalaze bikola bbaatule ezitali nnene olw’engeri gye bakozesaamu enkozesa entuufu.

Kino nkiraba buli kiseera – omuntu agula bbaatule ya 105 AH kuba ekyo kye kyajja ku mutindo, naye mu butuufu akola ssifiiti z’essaawa 6 nga zirina emigugu emizito. Omwaka ogwokubiri we gunaatuukira, bakyusa bbaatule ku kkono ne ku ddyo ne banenya abakola ebintu.

Laba etteeka lyaffe ery'okukozesa:Ddira amp yo esinga obunene buli lunaku-nkozesa era okukubisaamu 1.5 ku lead-asidi, oba 1.3 ku lithium.Oyo ye bbaatule yo esinga obutono. Yee, kigula ssente nnyingi mu maaso. Yee, ojja kwebaza oluvannyuma.

Twakolagana n’ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda ku kampusi (Major University mu Texas, tetusobola kwogera ki olw’aba NDAS, naye mascot yaabwe ya longhorn, ng’egamba kyokka) eyali ayokya ng’ayita mu bbaatule buli luvannyuma lwa myezi 8-10. buli bbaatule. Obuzibu? Baali badduka ssifiiti za ssaawa 12 ku bbaatule eza sayizi nga zikozesebwa essaawa 6. Twalinnya omutendera gwa sayizi emu, ne twongerako ekifo eky’okucaajinga eky’omukisa ku kifo kyabwe eky’okukebera wakati, era amangu ago bbaatule ziwangaala 3+.

Emboozi entuufu – Battery yennyini eri kitundu kya nsengekera yokka. Enkola y’okucaajinga nsonga nnene nnyo, mpozzi n’okusingawo.

Okwetaaga chajingi entuufu eya 3-Stage. Si chajingi za layisi ez’omulembe gw’emmotoka. Nze njogera:

Omutendera gwa charge mu bungi .

Omutendera gw’okunyiga .

Omutendera gwa float .

Era olw’okwagala kwa Katonda, funa chajingi ng’olina okuliyirira ebbugumu. Twateeka chajingi ezitaliyirira mu kifo ekimu mu Phoenix mu 2016 – bbaatule zeefumba kubanga chajingi teyasobodde kutereeza bbugumu lya 110℃f ambient mu charging bay.

Eyo nsobi ya doola 9,000 ezandibadde zeewalibwa nga zirina ebyuma ebisingako obulungi ebya doola 200.

Ebisale by’okwenkanankana .Ku bbaatule ezibooga – kino kikyali kikulu, bannange. Omulundi gumu mu mwezi omutono, dduka enzirukanya y’okwenkanankana okuziyiza okuzimba sulfation. Omukozi wa bbaatule yo ajja kuba n’ebiragiro ebitongole. Mu butuufu basome.

Utility Vehicle Batteries

Okucaajinga lithium mu kiseera kye kimu kyangu era kisingako okubeera n’obuwanvu. Ebisannyalazo biba byangu (basically constant-Current/constant-voltage), naye okugumiikiriza kw’ensobi kuli wansi.

Ebintu ebijja okwonoona bbaatule zo eza lithium mu bwangu:

Okucaajinga wansi w'okutonnya nga tolina bbaatule ezibugumya (laba Minnesota rant yange waggulu)

Okukozesa omusulo omukadde-acid chargers "kubanga vvulovumenti y'emu" (nedda si bwe kiri, kikomye)

Okubuusa amaaso koodi z'ensobi za BMS .

Okucaajinga okutuuka ku 100% n’oluvannyuma n’obaleka ku chajingi okumala ennaku (okucaajinga akaguwa kubi ku lithium)

Tuteekawo enkola ezisasula ebitundu 95% okukozesebwa buli lunaku, nga tugenda ku 100% zokka omulundi gumu mu wiiki. Obuwangaazi bwa bbaatule bulongooseddwa ebitundu nga 35% mu kugezesebwa kwaffe. Abakola kino tebajja kukubuulira kubanga baagala kutunda bbaatule nnyingi, naye awo we wali.

Okay, eno territory ya bulabe, naye abantu bulijjo babuuza, kale wuuno kyetukozesa ddala:

ku lw'omusulo-asidi:

Trojan .– Omutindo gw’amakolero olw’ensonga. Battery zaabwe eza t{1}}eza series teziyingiramu masasi. eby’ebbeeyi, naye nga bisaana.

Battery ya Crown .- Okunyooma. Kikulu nnyo ku mbalirira-emirimu egy'okumanya. Tukozesa nnyo Cr-series zaabwe.

Battery ya Amerika .– Enkola endala ennywevu naddala ku kusaba kw’akagaali ka golf.

Nali nteesa interstate, naye omutindo gwazo gubadde tegukwatagana mu myaka 3-4 egiyise. Ekyo kyokka kyetuyitamu wadde.

Ku lwa Lithium:

Relion .– Go yange- eri application ezisinga obungi. BMS ennywevu, obuyambi obulungi eri bakasitoma, emiwendo egy’ensaamusaamu.

Lithium ow’omukago .– Kirungi nnyo ku mbeera za waggulu-okukankana. Ebikwekweto by’okuyigga bino byagala nnyo.

Olutalo lw'okuzaalibwa .– Ebbeeyi, naye waggulu-omutindo. Bwe kiba nti embalirira si yeeraliikiriza, kino kye tussaamu.

Tetusembeza [erinnya lya brand dalagiddwa kubanga baatiisatiisa okutuwawaabira] – twalina omuwendo gw’okulemererwa ebitundu 40% mu kiseera kya warranty. Mileage yo eyinza okwawukana naye tetujja kuddamu kuzikwatako.

Wano waliwo enkola yaffe entuufu ey'okuddaabiriza gye tuwa bakasitoma (simplified version):

buli lunaku (oba buli ssifiiti oluvannyuma lwa):

Okukebera okulaba olw’okwonooneka, okukulukuta (lead-asidi), okuzimba (lithium) .

Plug in for charging – kino kirina okuba nga kya otomatiki eri abakozi bo .

Check charge indicator lights (Singa abakozi bo tebajja, teeka enkola y'okulondoola)

Buli wiiki:

Battery ezibooga: Kebera amazzi, waggulu n’amazzi agafumbiddwa

Okuyonja n'okukebera ekifo we basinziza .

Weekenneenye data ya charge cycle bw’oba olina okulondoola (olina)

Buli mwezi:

Battery ezibooga: Equalization charge .

Battery zonna: Okugezesa voltage mu bujjuvu .

Torque Kebera ku terminal connections (zisumulula okumala ekiseera)

Buli luvannyuma lwa myezi esatu:

Okugezesa omugugu .

Okukebera enkola mu bujjuvu .

Weekenneenye enteekateeka y’okukyusa bbaatule yonna eraga okukendeera .

Buli mwaka:

Okugezesa obusobozi .

Okukebera ebikozesebwa mu kusasuza .

Enteekateeka y’embalirira y’okukyusa .

Ebifo ebigoberera protocol eno bifuna 40-60% longer battery life okusinga abo abatakola. Si ssaayansi wa mizinga, wabula yeetaaga okukangavvula.

Utility Vehicle Batteries

Pine Valley Country Club (si linnya lyabwe ettuufu) yatutuukako mu 2018. Baali balina eggaali za Golf 72, nga zonna zirina bbaatule eza layisi ezibooga nga zikyusibwa buli luvannyuma lwa myezi 14-18. Baali basaasaanya ddoola nga 75,000 buli mwaka ku bbaatule zokka.

Twakola okubala ebitabo mu bujjuvu:

Enteekateeka yaabwe ey’okufukirira yali tekwatagana .

Ebiyumba ebicaajinga tebyalina kifuga bbugumu .

Baali bakozesa chargers 15-Emyaka 15-.

Tewali kulondoola ndabirira yonna .

Ekizibu kyaffe:

Yalongoosebwa n’afuulibwa bbaatule za Trojan T-875 (obusobozi obw’oku ntikko okusinga bwe baali bakozesa)

Eteekeddwamu ebbugumu eppya-ebisaanuusa chajingi

Teekawo enkola y’okuddaabiriza buli wiiki ng’okozesa pulogulaamu ezilondoola .

Batendeke bulungi abakozi b'okuddaabiriza (3-hour session)

Omuwendo gwonna: $89,000 mu maaso

Ebivuddemu oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 4:

Obulamu bwa bbaatule obwa wakati bweyongera okutuuka ku myaka 4.2 .

Ssente za bbaatule buli mwaka zikka okutuuka ku doola 23,000 .

Ebyuma downtime bikendedde ebitundu 75% .

Bano basasudde ssente ze bataddemu mu myezi 16 era nga bamaze okukekkereza ddoola nga 67,000 okutuuka kati.

Ono alumya. Large resort mu Colorado (nate, NDA prevents specifics) yakola okukyusa DIY okudda mu lithium batteries mu 2020. Baagula bbaatule ku yintaneeti – bbaatule ez’omutindo omulungi, mu butuufu – naye ne bakozesa lead yaabwe eyaliwo-Acid charging infrastructure.

Mu myezi 8, 60% ku bbaatule zaali ziremeddwa. Bano banenyezza kkampuni ekola bbaatule (mu butuufu nga talina musango mu mbeera eno). Oluvannyuma baatuleetedde okukola okwekenneenya eby’okunoonyereza ku misango.

Ekizibu: Voltage settings zaali nkyamu, tewali kuliyirirwa kwa bbugumu, BMS units zaali teziwuliziganya bulungi na chargers, era nga zisasulwa mu kizinga ekitali kibuguma mu kiseera ky’obutiti.

Okutereeza kwali kwa bbeeyi – ddoola 140,000 okukyusa bbaatule ezonooneddwa n’okulongoosa enkola yonna ey’okucaajinga. Singa baasooka kutuyita, setup entuufu yandibadde egula $95,000. Oluusi okugezaako okukekkereza ssente kikufiiriza ssente nnyingi.

"Nsobola okutabula bbaatule enkadde n'empya mu mmotoka emu?"

Nedda.Nedda yokka. Sifaayo oba bbaatule enkadde "erabika bulungi." Batteries ziringa sled dogs – pack etambula ku sipiidi ya mmemba asinga obunafu. Battery enkadde ejja kusika wansi empya, era ojja kwonoona byombi mangu okusinga singa wali walese bbaatule enkadde nga zigatta wamu.

"Ntegeera ntya nga bbaatule yeetaaga okukyusibwa?"

Bw’eba tekwata charge for a full shift, kikyuseemu. Bwe kiba nga kizimba, kikyuseemu mangu. Singa okugezesa vvulovumenti kulaga okufiirwa obusobozi obusoba mu 20%, tandika okuteekateeka okukyusa. Tolinda kufa ddala – bw’otyo bw’omaliriza ng’olina oda ez’amangu ez’amangu n’ebisale by’okusindika ekiro.

"Nsobola okukozesa bbaatule zange eza lithium mu kiseera eky'obutiti?"

kisinziira. Bw'oba otegeeza "battery zisobola okukola mu mubiri mu mbeera y'obudde ennyogovu" – yee, naye omutindo gukka nnyo wansi wa 40℃F. Bw'oba otegeeza "nsobola okubasasuza mu bbugumu ery'okutonnya nga sifumbiddwa" – si ddala. Ojja kubazikiriza.

"Ekirungo kya ROI ekiri ku kukyusa ku Lithium?"

Kisinziira ku nkozesa yo. Emirimu egy'oku ntikko-egy'enzitoya (okukozesa buli lunaku, omwaka-okuzingulula, enkyukakyuka eziwera) mu ngeri entuufu laba ROI mu myaka 2-3. Emirimu egy’enzirukanya entono (okukozesa sizoni, ssifiiti emu, ennaku ntono buli wiiki) ziyinza obutalaba ROI ennungi. Kola okubala ku mbeera yo entongole.

"Lwaki bbaatule zange zifa mangu mu kyeya/ekyeya?"

Ebbugumu ye bbaatule omulabe #1. Ebbugumu erisukkiridde n’ennyonta ey’amaanyi bitta amangu. Ebbugumu lireeta okuvunda kw’eddagala mu bwangu. Ennyogovu ekendeeza ku busobozi. Singa omulimu gwo gutambula omwaka-okuzingulula mu bbugumu erisukkiridde, embalirira y'obulamu bwa bbaatule ennyimpi oba okuteeka ssente mu mbeera y'obudde-okucaajinga/okutereka okufugibwa.

Siri ggaayi munene ow’omu maaso, naye bino bye tulaba ku bbanga:

Solid-Battery za Lithium ezigamba nti:Zino ziweza emyaka 3-5 okuva ku kubeera nga za bbeeyi olw’okusaba mmotoka z’amasannyalaze. Basuubiza amaanyi amalungi, obukuumi obulungi, obulamu obuwanvu. Tujja kulaba. Omulimu gwa Golf gwalowooza nti Lithium ajja "olunaku lwonna kati" okumala emyaka nga 8 nga mu butuufu tennafuuka ya nkola.

Enkola z’okucaajinga ezitaliiko waya:Abamu ku bakola ebintu bino bagezesa bino. Ekyaamazima? Nze nbuusabuusa okusaba kw'emmotoka ez'omugaso. Ensonga endala ey’okulemererwa, ebikozesebwa eby’ebbeeyi, omugaso omutono eri mmotoka ezisimba mu kifo kye kimu anyway. Naye ani amanyi, mpozzi ebigambo bino nja kubirya mu 2028.

Enkola za BMS ezisinga obulungi:Ono mu butuufu nsanyuse. Tulaba enkola z'okuddukanya bbaatule nga zirina obusobozi bw'okuddaabiriza okuteebereza, ddala-Okulondoola obulamu bw'ebiseera, okuzuula ewala. Kino kya mugaso mu mateeka era kisaana okukendeeza ennyo ku kyama ekyetoolodde "Lwaki bbaatule yange yafa?"

Sodium-Battery za ION:Kino kikuume. Potentially cheaper than lithium, okukola ebbugumu mu ngeri ennungi, ensonga entono ez’okugabira abantu ebintu. Ennaku ezikyali ezasooka, naye singa tekinologiya akula, ayinza okuba omuzannyo-omukyusa ku mbalirira-emirimu egy'okumanya.

Full disclosure: Tuli ba consultants abetongodde era tetutwala kickbacks okuva mu bakola (anymore – eyo yali nsobi mu 2011-2012 gye sikyenyumirizaamu). Ebiteeso bino byesigamiziddwa ku nkola entuufu:

bbaatule:

Trojan Battery Company – eyatandikibwawo 1925, akyali famire-ey’erinnya, ennyogovu

Relion Battery – Kirungi nnyo mu kukyusa lithium, obuyambi bwa tekinologiya obuddamu

Crown Battery – Omuwendo ogusinga obulungi mu lead-Acid, mu ndowooza yaffe

Allied Lithium – Kkampuni empya naye nga ya yinginiya ewunyisa .

Enkola z’okucaajinga:

Lester Electrical – chajingi zaabwe eza Summit II Series zino za Workhorses .

Delta-Q quoteks .

Schauer Battery Chargers – Embalirira-Emikwano naye nga yeesigika

Enkola z’okulondoola:

Battery stat okuva mu monitor battery systems – kiki kyetusinga okukozesa .

PowerDash Telematics – Kirungi bw’oba oyagala okugatta enzirukanya y’ebidduka mu bujjuvu .

Tukolagana ne battery services za wano okufuna obuyambi mu kitundu kya Southeast, era zisingako awo. Ku bakasitoma ba West Coast, tukola ne Pacific Fleet Solutions – wadde nga mu bwesimbu emiwendo gyabwe giri waggulu okusinga bwe nnandiyagadde.

Yatandika bizinensi eno mu 2009 oluvannyuma lw’okulaba taata-mu -Ekisaawe kya Golf eky’amateeka kisuula enkumi n’enkumi z’ensimbi ku bizibu bya bbaatule ebyali bisobola okuziyizibwa ddala. Yamala emyaka ebiri nga nyiga buli kye nsobola ku nkola za bbaatule, okucaajinga protocols, maintenance optimization.

Kati twebuuza ku bifo nga 200 okwetoloola North America – ebisaawe bya Golf, ebifo ebisanyukirwamu, ebibangirizi by’ebitongole, ebifo eby’amakolero, obituuma erinnya. Okukwatagana kwaffe okwa bulijjo eri bakasitoma:

Okukebera okusooka .(Ebiseera ebisinga 2- essaawa 4 mu kifo) – Twekenneenya ensengeka yo eriwo kati, engeri gy’okozesaamu, enkola z’okuddaabiriza

Alipoota enzijuvu .Nga olina okuteesa okwetongodde – si magezi ga generic, ennamba entuufu ez’okukola kwo .

Okuwagira okussa mu nkola .Bwoba oyagala – tusobola project manage ekintu kyonna oba just advise .

Okulondoola okugenda mu maaso .Ku bakasitoma abanene – okukebera buli mwezi-INS, okukakasa okuddaabiriza, okugonjoola ebizibu

Ebisale byaffe osanga biri waggulu okusinga bw’oyagala okusasula, naye tutera okukekkereza bakasitoma 3-5x ssente zaffe mu mwaka ogusooka gwokka. Okunoonyereza ku mbeera y’ekiwonvu kya Pine waggulu? Omugatte gw’ensimbi zaffe ez’okwebuuza ku bantu zaali doola 12,000. Bakekkereza ddoola 52,000 mu mwaka ogusooka.

Utility Vehicle Batteries

Battery ziboola okutuusa lwe zikoma okukola. Awo amangu ago nebasinga obukulu mu kulongoosa kwo. Ebintu bye mpandiise wano – eno myaka 15 egy’ensobi, obuwanguzi, amasimu aganyiize, n’okulwawo{3}}Ebiseera by’okugonjoola ebizibu ekiro byafukibwa wansi.

Tolina kutupangisa. Mu butuufu, singa omala okugoberera enkola z’okuddaabiriza waggulu ate mu butuufu sayizi ya bbaatule zo mu butuufu, ojja kuba mu maaso ga 70% ku baddukanya mmotoka z’amasannyalaze ebweru.

Naye bw’oba osaasaanya ddoola ezisoba mu 15,000 omwaka ku kukyusa bbaatule, waliwo ekikyamu, era osanga kitereezebwa.

Ekisembayo – Tekinologiya wa bbaatule akyuka buli kiseera. Ekituufu mu 2025 kiyinza okuba nga tekikyaliwo mu mwaka gwa 2027. Sigala ng’omanyi, yogera n’abasuubuzi abawera, era tokkiriza buli kimu omutunzi w’okutunda akugamba (sorry sales reps, naye okimanyi nti kituufu).

Kati fulumayo olekere awo okutta bbaatule zo.