Enkola y'okuddukanya bbaatule kye ki?

Enkola y’okuddukanya bbaatule

Enkola ya Battery Management System (BMS) kye kyuma ekikozesebwa okuddukanya obulungi bbaatule. Ku mmotoka ez’amasannyalaze, ebikozesebwa ne pulogulaamu ya BMS ebikoleddwa obulungi bisobola bulungi okwongera ku buwanvu bw’okuvuga, okwongera ku bulamu bwa bbaatule, okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’emirimu, n’okukakasa obukuumi n’obwesigwa bwa bbaatule y’amaanyi. Enkola y’okuddukanya bbaatule z’amasannyalaze efuuse ekitundu ekikulu ekiteetaagisa mu mmotoka ez’amasannyalaze. Essuula eno ejja kussa essira ku kwanjula ebitonde, emirimu, n’enkola y’emirimu gy’enkola y’okuddukanya bbaatule y’amaanyi.

Enzimba y’enkola

Enkola ya bulijjo ey’okuddukanya bbaatule (BMS) Hardware okusinga erimu Battery Management Unit (BMU), Cell Management Unit (CMU), sensa, wiring harnesses, n’ebirala Mu nteekateeka y’enkola za bbaatule z’amaanyi amanene-, okulonda enzimba ya BMS kikulu nnyo, okusalawo butereevu enkola z’okuyunga wakati wa hardware units n’enkola ya pulogulaamu ya software, n’okukosa omuwendo gw’enkola, okwesigamizibwa, okwanguyirwa okuteeka n’okuddaabiriza, ne obutuufu bw’okupima. Okusinziira ku topology wakati w’abafuga mu BMS, BMSs zisobola okugabanyizibwa mu bika bibiri mu bugazi: ezigatta n’ezisaasaanyiziddwa.

1. BM ekwataganye

BMS ekwataganye, era emanyiddwa nga single-unit BMS, kitegeeza BMS egatta omufuzi omukulu (BMU) n’omufuzi w’obutoffaali (CMU) mu mufuzi omu, nga omufuzi omukulu akwata butereevu emirimu gy’okufunira data, okukola, n’okufuga. Topology ya BMS ekwataganye eragiddwa mu kifaananyi 8-1.

 

BMS ezigatta zikwatagana, zirina obusobozi obw’amaanyi obw’okulwanyisa-okuyingirira, era ziwa empuliziganya ey’amangu ku-board, okwanguyiza okufuna data mu kiseera kye kimu. Ekirala, zisobola okukola emirimu gyonna egya BMS mu nkola emu, ne zikendeeza ku nsaasaanya. Naye, BMS ezigatta zirina ebiyungo ebizibu n’ebiyungo bya waya, ekizibuwalira okukuuma enkola ya bbaatule nga short circuits zibeerawo mu bitundu eby’enjawulo eby’enkola. Zisaanira modulo za bbaatule entonotono zokka era tezirina scalability n’okulabirira obubi.

 

2. BMS esaasaanyizibwa

 

Okwawukana ku topology ezigatta, enzimba ezisaasaanyizibwa zigabanya enkola ya BMS mu mainboard BMU ne multiple slave CMUs. Ensengeka ya modulo eyanguyiza okukuŋŋaanya modulo, erongoosa ensengeka ya sampling harness, era ekendeeza ku butakwatagana mu kugwa kwa vvulovumenti n’ebanga erya kimu. Ebizibu mulimu ssente ennyingi n’okukola enteekateeka y’empuliziganya n’okufuga enzibu. Okusinziira ku ngeri ez’enjawulo ez’okuyunga BMS ezisaasaanyiziddwa, zisobola okwongera okugabanyizibwamu ebika bisatu: okuyungibwa kw’emmunyeenye (laba ekifaananyi 8-2), okuyungibwa kwa bbaasi, n’okuyungibwa kwa daisy-chain.

 

(1) Okuyungibwa kw’EmmunyeenyeMu kuyungibwa kw’emmunyeenye, BMU ya mainboard esangibwa wakati, era buli modulo ya CMU eyungibwa butereevu ku mainboard ya BMS ng’eyita mu harness. Okuyungibwa kw'emmunyeenye kwanguyiza okufuga ensonga-ku-ensonga, era okulemererwa kw'ekitundu kya CMU ekimu tekikosa nnyo nkola. Naye omuwendo gwa modulo bwe gweyongera, obuzibu bwa layini z’empuliziganya mu kuyungibwa kw’emmunyeenye bweyongera nnyo, ekifuula okuddaabiriza okukaluba n’okukomya okulinnyisa. Olw'obuzibu bw'emyalo gya BMS mainboard, modulo za CMU teziyinza kwongerwako mu ngeri ya kimpowooze, ekigifuula etali ya bulijjo mu nkola ennene-.

 

(2) Okuyungibwa kwa BbaasiEnzimba y’enkola eyesigamiziddwa ku bbaasi-yanguyiza okukola dizayini ya modulo, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 8-3. BMS etera okwawulwamu ebitundu ebifuga ebingi: BMU, CMU, ne Battery Join Box (BJB). BMU, CMU, ne BJB ziyungibwa nga ziyita mu CAN oba emikutu gya bbaasi emirala. BMU ekola emirimu gya algorithm emikulu egy’okuddukanya bbaatule; CMU ekola okufuna vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali, okwenkanankana, n’okupima ebbugumu; BJB ekola okufuna vvulovumenti eya waggulu, kasasiro, n’ebbugumu, okuvuga contactor n’okukebera, n’okuzuula insulation ku bbaatule; okwawula kuwa okwawula kw’amasannyalaze, okuziyiza okudda emabega okwokya circuit board n’okukomya amplitude y’okutaataaganyizibwa.

 

Enzimba eyesigamiziddwa ku bbaasi- egaba enkolagana y'empuliziganya ekyukakyuka ennyo n'okulinnyisa okw'amaanyi, okwanguyiza ennyo enteekateeka y'enzimba ya hardware, okutuuka ku modularity, n'okulongoosa enkola y'okukozesa n'okutambuza. Ekizibu kyayo ekikulu kwe kugula ssente nnyingi.

 

Daisy-chaining nkola mpya nnyo ey'okuyunga ezze ejja mu myaka egiyise. Enkolagana esobola okukyusa obubonero bwa SPI obujjuvu-duplex okutuuka ku 1Mb/s mu bubonero obw’enjawulo n’okubutambuza ng’eyita mu waya ya twisted-pair ne transformer ennyangu, ey’ebbeeyi entono-. Okugeza, ebyuma bya Linear Technology ebya AFE (LTC6811) bisobola okuyungibwa wamu okukola BMS. Transformer entono, eya ssente entono-ekyusa data isolator. Ku ludda lwa microprocessor enkulu efugira, akatono aka adapter IC (LTC6820) egaba enkolagana y’omufuzi omukulu. Wadde nga unidirectional daisy-chain networking nnyangu, okulemererwa kwa node yonna kuyinza okukosa empuliziganya y'enkola yonna. N’olwekyo, olujegere lwa ring daisy-olurongooseddwa, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kifaananyi 8-4, lukoleddwa era ne lukozesebwa mu bintu bya BMS eby’abakola mmotoka ennene ez’amaanyi amapya nga Tesla. Bw’ogeraageranya n’okuyungibwa kwa bbaasi za CAN, daisy-chaining eri wansi mu nsaasaanya ate nga ntono mu sayizi, naye erina obusobozi obubi, omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogwa nodes, n’obuzibu mu kukwata ensonga z’okuddukanya bbaatule mu mbeera enzibu ennyo ng’enkola ennene ez’okutereka amaanyi.

Emirimu Emikulu

Okutwaliza awamu, emirimu emikulu egy’enkola y’okuddukanya bbaatule (BMS) mulimu: okufuna data, okubalirira embeera ya bbaatule, okuddukanya amaanyi, okuddukanya obukuumi, okuddukanya ebbugumu, okufuga okwenkanankana, emirimu gy’empuliziganya, n’enkolagana y’ekyuma ky’omuntu-. Ekifaananyi 8-5 kiraga ekifaananyi kya bulooka ekikola eky’enkola y’okuddukanya bbaatule.

1. Okufuna Amawulire

Okufuna data gwe musingi gwa algorithms zonna n’ebifuga mu Battery Management System (BMS). N’olwekyo, omutindo gw’okutwala sampuli, obutuufu, n’engeri z’okusengejja nga tekunnabaawo -bipimo bikulu nnyo ebikosa omulimu gw’enkola ya bbaatule. Omuwendo gw’okufunira data gusalibwawo okusinziira ku mbeera n’omulimu. Okugeza, nga olina amasannyalaze ag’okutereka, omuwendo gw’okufunira data guyinza okuba wansi nga fuleemu emu buli sikonda 10 oba wadde buli ddakiika; ate ku bintu ebirina akasannyalazo akakyukakyuka amangu (nga mmotoka), data erina okufunibwa waakiri omulundi gumu buli sikonda 1, nga data ezimu ezikwatagana n’obukuumi- zeetaaga emirundi gy’okutwala sampuli nga 100ms oba 10ms.

2. Okubalirira Embeera ya Battery

Okubalirira embeera ya bbaatule okusinga kuzingiramu ensonga bbiri:Embeera y’omusango (SOC) .neEmbeera y’ebyobulamu (SOH) .. SOC eraga chajingi ya bbaatule esigaddewo mu kiseera kino era gwe musingi gw’okubalirira obuwanvu bw’okuvuga mmotoka ey’amasannyalaze. SOH ye parameter ekozesebwa okukiikirira obulamu bwa bbaatule obusigaddewo n’embeera endala ez’obulamu.

3. Enzirukanya y’amasoboza

Enzirukanya y’amasoboza ekakasa nti ekiseera ekituufu-amasoboza agafuluma n’okuyingiza bbaatule tebisukka busobozi bwa bbaatule n’enkola. Mu butuufu, obusobozi bwa bbaatule obw’okucaajinga/okufulumya bukosebwa ebbugumu, SOC, ne SOH, n’ensonga endala. Mu kiseera kye kimu, ku ddaala ly’enkola, obulabe nga okubuguma ennyo n’okusaanuuka kwa circuit bulina okwewalibwa. N’olwekyo, okuddukanya amasoboza nkola ya kufuga mu nsi yonna okusinga nga tukozesa akasannyalazo, vvulovumenti, ebbugumu, SOC, ne SOH ng’ebiyingizibwa.

4. Enzirukanya y’obukuumi

Okulondoola vvulovumenti ya bbaatule, kasasiro, n’ebbugumu okukakasa nti tebisukka bbanga lya bulijjo. BMS ey’omulembe (Battery Management System) tekoma ku kulondoola bbaatule yonna wabula era egaba okufuga okulongooseddwa ku mbeera z’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu ezisukkiridde nga okucaajinga okusukkiridde, okusukkiridde-okufulumya, n’ebbugumu erisukkiridde.

5. Enzirukanya y’ebbugumu

Okunyogoza bbaatule ng’ebbugumu lyayo ery’okukola liri waggulu nnyo n’okugifumbisa ng’egudde wansi w’ekkomo erya wansi ery’ebbugumu lyayo erisaanira okukola okukuuma bbaatule mu bbanga lyayo erisinga obulungi n’okukuuma bbalansi y’ebbugumu wakati w’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu nga ekola. Enzirukanya y’ebbugumu yeetaagibwa nnyo ku bbaatule ezikozesebwa mu mbeera z’okufuluma kw’amaanyi amangi n’ebbugumu eringi-.

6. Okufuga okutebenkeza

Obutakwatagana mu nkola ya bbaatule buyinza okuvaako okukendeera kw’omutindo gwa bbaatule okutwalira awamu n’okutuuka n’obulabe eri obukuumi. Balancing circuits ziteekebwa wakati w’obutoffaali ssekinnoomu mu bbaatule okukakasa nti embeera y’okucaajinga n’okufulumya buli kasenge ssekinnoomu ekwatagana nga bwe kisoboka, bwe kityo ne kilongoosa omulimu gwa bbaatule okutwalira awamu.

7. Emirimu gy’Empuliziganya

Omulimu omukulu ogw’enkola y’okuddukanya bbaatule (BMS) kwe kusobozesa empuliziganya y’ebipimo bya bbaatule n’amawulire n’ebyuma ebiri mu mmotoka oba ebweru w’emmotoka, okuwa data okufuga chajingi/okufulumya n’okufuga mmotoka. Okusinziira ku nkola, okuwanyisiganya data kuyinza okukozesa enkolagana z’empuliziganya ez’enjawulo, gamba nga siginiini za analog, siginiini za PWM, bbaasi ya CAN, oba enkolagana za I2C serial.

8. Omuntu-Enkolagana y'Ekyuma (HMI) .

HMI ye nkolagana ey’omu makkati ey’enkolagana y’abantu-ekyuma. Ekozesa ebyuma ebituufu ebiyingiza n’okufulumya okusobozesa obulungi okuteesa n’okukwatagana wakati w’abantu n’ebyuma bye bakola. Mu BMS, HMI erimu amawulire agalaga n’okufuga obutambi n’enkokola, ezitegekeddwa okusinziira ku byetaago bya dizayini.