Amp Hours to Watt Hours: Ekitabo ekijjuvu eky’okukyusa

Twafiirwa pulojekiti ya AGV eya cold storage mu Q3 omwaka oguwedde. Yinginiya wa kasitoma yakkaatirizza okuddamu okubala Wh yennyini ng’akozesa 80% DoD nga kwogasse n’ensonga yaabwe ey’okukendeeza ku bbugumu. Twali tujuliza butereevu nga tukozesa ekipimo ky’omukozi ekya 100Ah emirundi 12V, era twamaliriza nga 15% off.

 

Mu butuufu, nnalowooza nti okubalirira kwabwe kwali kususse okukuuma mu kiseera ekyo. Nga tutunuulira emabega, okutereeza ebbugumu kwabwe ddala kwali kwa bukambwe, naye twali twafiirwa dda bid-okukaayana ekituufu oba ekikyamu kyali tekirina makulu. Okuva olwo, twetaaga quotes zonna okubeeramu worksheet y’okubalirira okukendeeza, era erina okuyita mu yinginiya nga CFO tannassa mukono. Enkola eno esinga okukooya, naye waakiri tetujja kuddamu kufiirwa ddiiru ku nsobi enkulu ng’ezo.

 

Kino kye nnayitamu kyandeetera okutegeera ekintu: abantu abasinga batwala okukyusa Ah okudda mu Wh ng’okubala kw’amasomero ga middle-Wh yenkana Ah emirundi V, ekikoleddwa. Naye omuntu yenna akola ddala okugula ebintu akimanyi nti waliwo emitego mingi egyekwekeddwa emabega wa "formula ennyangu" eno.

Ka tutandike ne Formula Yennyini

Wh=Ah × V, ekituufu. Battery ya 100Ah ku 12V nominal ekuweereza 1200Wh.

Naye eyo 12V ye vvulovumenti ey’erinnya. Mu nkola entuufu, vvulovumenti ekyukakyuka wakati wa 10.5V ne 14.4V. Nnamba ki gy’okozesa?

Enkola entuufu ennyo kwe kugatta ekiwujjo ky’okufulumya, okukung’aanya Ah nga ekubisibwamu vvulovumenti ey’akaseera obuseera V(t). Mu ndowooza ekisinga obutuufu, naye mu bwesimbu kino tetutera kukikola mu pulojekiti entuufu-ezizibu ennyo, era si bangi abagaba ebintu basobola n’okuwa enkokola z’okufulumya enzijuvu.

Ekyokuyiga okuva mu Pulojekiti ya AGV ey'omwaka oguwedde

Okudda ku pulojekiti eyo eyabula. Twekenneenya abagaba ebintu basatu, era laba engeri gye kyalabika:

Okutunuulira purely ku $/Wh:

Supplier C alabika nga ddiiru esinga, nedda? Naye tetwasobola kulinda wiiki 16-okulwawo kwa pulojekiti kwategeeza nti ebibonerezo bya miwendo bitaano-buli wiiki. Twamaliriza nga tujuliza ne Supplier B, era kasitoma yakozesa data ya Supplier C okukaayana nti sizing yaffe yali nkyamu.

Mu butuufu tewali ludda lwonna lwakola nsobi mu kubala-ebiteberezebwa byali bya njawulo. Twakozesa vvulovumenti ey’erinnya nga tugattako DoD eya bulijjo; bakozesa vvulovumenti eyapimiddwa wakati-point nga kwogasse n’okukendeeza ku mutindo ogw’amaanyi. Mutuuka n’okukaayana otya ku nsonga eno? Mu by’ekikugu byombi bisobola okubeera ebituufu; mu by’obusuubuzi, oyo yenna afiirwa akikkiriza.

Lwaki Kati Essira Nsinga Nnyo Ku Wh Than Ah

Ah erina ekizibu ekinene nga metric: teyoleka maanyi, charge yokka.

Ku bbaatule zonna eziweereddwa omutindo gwa 100Ah:

Lwaki obusobozi bwa lead-acid obukozesebwa buba wansi wa kitundu? DoD ekoma ku 50%, bwe kitaba ekyo obulamu bw’enzirukanya bukendeera nnyo. LFP esobola okufulumya okutuuka ku bitundu 80% oba wadde 90% nga ekuuma obulamu bw’enzirukanya.

Enjawulo eno etera okubuusibwa amaaso mu kiseera ky’okujuliza. CFO alaba lead-acid ku $180 okusinziira ku LFP ku $400, era reaction esooka "esukka emirundi ebiri ebbeeyi." Naye singa obala amasoboza amatuufu agakozesebwa, asidi wa lead-ali nga $0.30/Wh, LFP nga $0.38/Wh-ekituli si kya maanyi nnyo. Factor mu replacement cycles, era LFP mu butuufu ya buseere.

Kya lwatu nti kino kisinziira ku nkola entongole. Ku mbeera z’omulimu gumu-okukyusa, omutono-omulimu, asidi w’omusulo-mu butuufu ayinza okuba ow’ebyenfuna ebisingawo-tekyetaagisa kunyigiriza LFP.

Ebbugumu: Enkyukakyuka Abantu Bangi Banyooma

Tulina kasitoma mu Wisconsin akola cold chain-warehouse yaabwe etuula around 40℃F year-round, okukka wansi wa 20℃F mu winter. Baali bakozesa bbaatule za AGM emabegako, era nga balina okuzikyusa oluvannyuma lw’emyezi 14 ng’obusobozi bukendedde wansi wa 60% ku bipimo-ebitakozesebwa ddala.

Oluvannyuma lw’okukyusa okudda ku LFP, emyezi 26 mu mbeera y’emu era nga zikyali waggulu wa 90% capacity. ROI ku musango guno erabika bulungi nnyo, naye nsaana okubeera omutegeevu: eno ye mbeera esinga-ensonga-olujegere olunnyogovu ye LFP's sweet spot.

Laba engeri ebbugumu gye likwata ku busobozi (eno ye data yaffe ey’okugezesa; abakola eby’enjawulo bajja kwawukana):

Nga bw’olaba, ebbugumu bwe likka, ekituli wakati w’ebika bya bbaatule bino byombi kigaziwa. Mu nkola z’okutereka mu nnyonta, enkizo ya LFP nnene.

Naye weetegereze-kino kye nkola y'okufulumya. Okusasula ebbugumu eri wansi-ku LFP gwe mutego omulala. Okucaajinga wansi wa 0℃kireeta lithium plating, era enkola nnyingi eza BMS zijja kumala kusiba charge. Singa bakasitoma beemulugunya ku kino, nga bagamba nti bbaatule yali emenyese-mu butuufu yali nkola y'obukuumi ya BMS eyatandika. Sales tegenda kukubuulira kino mu ngeri ya proactive.

Engeri y'okubala TCO

Nnina data okuva mu bidduka bibiri ebigeraageranyizibwa. Twafuga ku nkyukakyuka nga bwe kisoboka, naye wakyaliwo enjawulo mu nkola ya bakasitoma-twala data nga reference yokka.

Saved about $120K, breakeven wakati w'emyezi 14 ne 16, okusinziira ku ngeri gy'obalirira ekitundu ky'omuwendo gw'okuyimirira.

Fleet B kati eri ku myezi 38 era nga ekyalina obusobozi ku bitundu 87%. Okusinziira ku degradation curve eno, emyaka emirala 3 tegisaanidde kuba kizibu. Fleet A yayise dda mu nkola emu ey’okukyusa bbaatule era enaatera okwetaaga endala.

Emitego gy’okugerageranya obunene bw’obusobozi

Nze ndabye abantu bangi abagula nga ba oversize batteries for "safety." 100Ah zandibadde zimala naye bagula 200Ah. Endowooza etegeerekeka, naye enkola eno erina obuzibu ku LFP.

LFP teyagala kusigala ku SOC eya waggulu okumala ebbanga eddene-. Twalina client eya oversize by 40%, nga alowooza nti yali conservative. Nga wayise emyaka ebiri, mu butuufu okukuuma obusobozi bwazo kwali kubi okusinga bbaatule eza sayizi eya bulijjo. Okukebera ebiwandiiko bya BMS kwalaga nti bbaatule zaali buli kiseera waggulu wa 75% SOC, nga tezitera kufuluma mu buziba-.

Obutoffaali obutengejja ku vvulovumenti eya waggulu long-term mu butuufu bwanguya okukaddiwa kwa kalenda.

Enkola yaffe ey'okugerageranya obunene eriwo kati: kola emabega okuva ku 70-80% DoD wansi w'embeera ezisinga obubi-case. 15-20% margin emala-tofuna mululu.

Laba engeri y'okubalirira (ng'okozesa pulojekiti yennyini ng'ekyokulabirako):

1. Okusooka, manya amaanyi ageetaagisa. Gamba nti ebyuma bitambula obutasalako ku 500W okumala essaawa 6-ekyo kyetaagisa 3000Wh embisi.
2. Oluvannyuma osseeko derating. Munda, tukozesa ensonga 0.65 ku nkola za sitoowa, okubikka ebbugumu, C-rate, okukaddiwa, n’ebirala Ku kutereka mu nnyonta, tukozesa 0.55.3000Wh ÷ 0.65=4615Wh
3. Gattako omugatte gw’emirimu ogwa 15%.4615Wh ÷ 0.85=5430Wh
4. Ku 12.8V erinnya:5430 ÷ 12.8=424Ah.

Kale spec-wise, londa ensengeka ya 450Ah oba 500Ah.

Enkola eno tejja kukwatagana na buli mbeera, naye yeesigika okusinga okugerageranya obunene butereevu okuva ku miwendo egy’okugereka.

Enkola ya Peukert

Ekitundu kino nali sigenda kukiwandiika okuva bwe kiri nti kirina akakwate akatono ku LFP, naye okuva bwe kiri nti kino kiragiro ekijjuvu, ekisaanira okwogerwako.

Battery za lead-acid ziraga okukendeera okw’amaanyi mu busobozi ku miwendo gya C- egya waggulu-kino kiyitibwa Peukert effect. Battery ya AGM eya 100Ah efulumya ku 1C (100A) eyinza okukola 55-60Ah zokka. Ebibalo by’ebiwandiiko by’abakola byesigamiziddwa ku kugezesebwa kwa C/20 oba C/10, wala nnyo n’okukozesa okwa nnamaddala.

LFP’s Peukert exponent eri around 1.02-1.05, mu bukulu tefaayo. Oba ofulumya ku 0.5C oba 1C, obusobozi bwawukana ebitundu bitono ku buli kikumi.

Kale singa okukozesa kwo kuzingiramu okubutuka okw'amaanyi-okubutuka kwa kasasiro-okusitula okwanguya kwa AGV, okusitula forklift, n'ebirala.-obusobozi bwa lead-acid obugereddwa buba nnamba ya reference yokka; ky’ofuna mu butuufu kisinziira ku nkola y’emirimu. Obusobozi bwa LFP obugereddwa bwesigika nnyo.

By'olina Okutunuulira n'Abagaba ebintu

Sijja kuteesa oba badmouth suppliers yenna specific wano. Buli emu erina ebirungi n’ebibi, era embeera zaffe ez’okusaba ziyinza obutakwata ku zo.

Naye waliwo ebintu ebitonotono bye nsobola okugabana:

• Ku bagaba bbaatule ku katale kati, obutoffaali buva mu nsonda ntono. CATL, BYD, GOTION, EVE-abazannyi bano ab’oku ntikko be basinga obungi ku katale. Kale emirundi mingi oba togeraageranya mutindo gwa cell wabula BMS design ne pack integration capability.
   
• Bw’oba ​​obuuza abagaba ebintu ku discharge curves, saba waakiri ssatu: 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C. Abatunzi bangi abatonotono tebasobola kuzifulumya, oba okukuwa chati ezirabika nga zikoppoloddwa okuva ku muntu omulala. Abatunzi abanene bajja kusooka kubuuza ku nkola yo entongole, olwo ne bawa data y’okugezesa egenderere.
   
• Sales obutasobola kuddamu bibuuzo bya tekinologiya mu kifo tekitegeeza kinene. Ekikulu oba osobola okufuna data ekozesebwa mu ssaawa 72 zokka. Bendera emmyufu entuufu kwe kusirika ku leediyo oluvannyuma lw’okubuuza, oba okufuna entuumu y’ebintu eby’okutunda eby’enjawulo.
   
• Soma bulungi ebiragiro bya ggaranti. Abatunzi bangi bawandiika "emyaka 10 oba cycles 4000," naye ennukuta ennungi erina ekkomo ku throughput eriyinza okukubwa ku myaka 6. Abamu bannyonnyola enzirukanya mu ngeri ezitaliimu-10% DoD ne 90% DoD zibalibwa nga enzirukanya y’emu-okufuula ggaranti ng’ezo mu bukulu obutaba na mugaso.
   
• UL 9540A thermal runaway test data-abatunzi ba LFP abatuufu bonna balina okuba nayo. Abalonzalonza ne bagamba nti "tusobola okutegeka okukeberebwa" oba tebakebedde oba okukeberebwa ne bivaamu ebitali birungi.