Okukwatagana kw’amasannyalaze (electromagnetic compatibility) kye ki?

Emyaka kkumi n’etaano mu bizinensi eno era EMC akyannuma mu mmana waakiri emirundi ebiri mu mwaka.

Mu luggya lw’omwaka oguwedde nafuna okuyitibwa ku pulojekiti ya kkampuni ekola kabangali ezitwala ebintu. BMS zaabwe zaasigala zisuula ensobi za cell overvoltage. Si ddala overvoltage - obutoffaali bwali bulungi. IC IC yali esoma kasasiro. Kino babadde bakigoba okumala emyezi esatu. yakyusa chips za AFE emirundi ebiri. Rewired sense harness. Tewali kyakola.

Yantwalira ennaku bbiri okukizuula. Motor controller yaabwe yatuula yinsi kkumi na munaana okuva ku battery pack. Tewali kuziyiza wakati waabwe. Controller yali ekyusa ku 8 kHz era buli edge egattibwa butereevu mu layini za cell voltage sense. Waya zaali zikola nga antenna. Millivolts 20 ez’amaloboozi agaleetebwa ku kipimo ekyetaaga milivolt accuracy. BMS yalabye spikes za voltage ezitaaliwo ne ziggalawo buli kimu.

Oyo ye EMC. Okukwatagana kw’amasannyalaze. Ebintu byo birina okukola okwetoloola ebintu ebirala nga oba omu asikambula munne.

Enjuyi bbiri ez’ekizibu .

EMC ekutukamu ebitundu bibiri era olina okukola ku byombi.

Okufulumya omukka kitegeeza amaloboozi ekyuma kyo kye kifulumya. Buli circuit ekola switching etangaala. Buli waya eriko akasannyalazo akyukakyuka ekola ekifo kya magineeti. A DC-DC converter ekola ku 200 kHz efuuyira RF amaanyi mu kifo kyonna. Amaanyi ago bwe gaba ag’amaanyi agamala nga leediyo mu kabina oba ng’efudde esobola okubuukira mu bus oba ereetera omufuzi wa ABS okulowooza nti nnamuziga zisibira.

Obuzibu bw’okukwatibwa (susceptibility) bwe buli ludda. crap mmeka ekyuma kyo kyekiyinza okutwala nga tekinnalekera awo kukola right. BMS erina okusoma vvulovumenti z’obutoffaali mu butuufu ng’etudde okumpi ne inverter ekuba ennyondo mu bbaasi ya DC ng’erina 400 amp pulses ku 10 kHz. Enkulungo ezitegeera zeetaaga okubuusa amaaso ebyo byonna era zikyapimira vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali entuufu.

Bayinginiya abasinga be nsisinkana balowooza ku bucaafu obufuluma mu bbanga kubanga ekyo ebigezo by’okulungamya bye bisinga okugezesebwa. Beerabira okukwatibwa okutuusa ng’ekintu kigudde mu nnimiro. Olwo buli omu n’asattira.

Lithium packs za njawulo .

Omusulo omukadde-battery za asidi zamala kutuula awo. Wazisiba ne ziyingira n’oyungako waya bbiri. Mpozzi walina shunt ku current measurement. Ekyo kye kyali.

Lithium packs zirina ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma buli wamu. BMS erondoola buli katoffaali. Eyogera ne sensa z’ebbugumu ezisaasaanidde mu paaka. Ewuliziganya n’emmotoka ku kibbo oba bbaasi endala. Efugira ebikozesebwa mu kukwatagana. Ebala embeera y’obusannyalazo n’embeera y’obulamu ng’ekozesa algorithms ezisinziira ku bipimo ebituufu.

Ekituufu kye kigambo ekikulu. Ekipimo kya vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali ekiwuguka ne milivolts 50 kisuula okubala kwo okwa SOC. Ekyo kikole okuyita mu butoffaali kikumi era okubalirira kwo okw’ekika tekirina mugaso. Drift it by 100 millivolts era oyinza okusasuza obutoffaali oba okusubwa embeera ya undervoltage.

Waya ezitegeera ze zinafu. Badduka okuva ku buli ttaapu y’akasenge okutuuka ku lubaawo lwa BMS. Mu pack ennene ekitegeeza waya ezidduka mita bbiri oba okusingawo nga ziyita mu mbeera ejjudde eddoboozi ly’amasannyalaze. Buli waya elonda okutaataaganyizibwa. Waya gy’ekoma okubeera ennyingi gy’okoma okubeera omubi ekizibu.

Nakola ku bbaatule ya bbaasi nga sense harness yaddukira ddala ku bbaala za bbaasi enkulu eza DC. Ebbaala zino zaabaddemu amps 300 mu kiseera ky’okusannyalala. Ennimiro ya magineeti okuva mu siginiini eyo eya magineeti eyaleetebwa- mu waya z’amakulu. Aba BMS baalowooza nti obutoffaali bwali bubuuka waggulu ne wansi. Yagenda mu protection mode n’etta bbaasi ku luguudo olukulu.

ebintu bwe bitambula obubi .

Emitendera gy’okulemererwa giba gibi.

Engendo ezisukkiridde ez’obuziba (false overvoltage trips) zitera okubeerawo. Oluyoogaano lwongera ku vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali entuufu era BMS n’erowooza nti obutoffaali buli ku 4.3V nga mu butuufu buli ku 4.1V. Obukuumi buyingira era enkola n’eggalawo. Omukozi alaba koodi y’ensobi etali ya makulu kubanga obutoffaali buba bulungi.

False Undervoltage esinga obubi. BMS erowooza nti akatoffaali kali wansi okusinga bwe kali ddala. Kikuuma nga kiyita mu kkomo ery’obukuumi. Okwonoonebwa okwa nnamaddala kubaawo.

Ensobi mu mpuliziganya zitabula ebintu mu ngeri ya njawulo. Battery pack eyinza okuba n'ebipande by'okulondoola mukaaga oba munaana daisy-olujegere ku bbaasi ya Isospi. Bbaasi eyo etambulira ku Megahertz ntono. EMI yeonoona packet era amangu ago main controller erina data embi ku cells kkumi na mukaaga. Kiggalawo? Ekozesa okusoma okulungi okusembayo? Kiyingizaamu? Buli nkola erina obuzibu.

Okupima ebbugumu nakyo kifuna okwonooneka. NTC thermistors zikola obubonero obutonotono. Millivolts z’amaloboozi ntono ziringa swing ya diguli amakumi abiri. BMS eyinza okutandika okunyogoza nga tekyetaagisa oba okusubwa thermal runaway etandika.

Obuvuyo bw’okugezesa .

Emitendera gy’okulungamya giriwo naye nga giba gitabula ebisaanyizo ebikwatagana.

FCC Part 15 ekwata ku bucaafu obufuluma mu North America. Eteeka ekkomo ku maanyi ga RF ekintu kyo kye kisobola okufuuyira mu mpewo. Ekkomo lisinziira ku oba ng’oguza abaguzi oba abakozesa amakolero. Industrial efuna slack esingawo.

Ku mmotoka era okolagana ne CISPR 25 ne CIPPR 12. Zino ze mutindo gw’ensi yonna amawanga agasinga ge gakola nga galina okukyusakyusa okutonotono. Balambika enkola z’okugezesa n’ekkomo ku bifulumizibwa ebikoleddwa n’ebifulumya omukka okuva mu mmotoka n’ebitundu ebikola mmotoka.

Akabonero ka CE aka Bulaaya keetaaga okugoberera ekiragiro kya EMC. Ekyo kitera okutegeeza okusisinkana EN 55032 ku bucaafu obufuluma mu mmotoka ne EN 55035 ku busimu obuziyiza endwadde. Ku bintu by'emmotoka ojuliza EN 50498 mu kifo ky'ekyo.

Olwo buli mmotoka OEM erina specs zazo nga ziteekeddwa waggulu. Ford alina ekintu kyabwe. GM alina ekirala. VW erina ekitabo kyonna. Zino zitera okuba enkakali okusinga ku minimum ezifuga era nga zirimu okugezesebwa kw’obutafaali obuziyiza endwadde nti amateeka gakwata bulungi.

Okuyita mu kukebera kuno kwonna kikufiiriza ssente n’obudde. Ebbaluwa ya EMC enzijuvu ku mmotoka ya Automotive BMS ekola ddoola 30,000 okutuuka ku 50,000 era etwala wiiki ssatu ku nnya ez’omu kisenge. Bw’olemererwa okuddayo n’otereeza ebintu n’oddamu okugezesa. Nze ndabye programs nga zookya emyezi mukaaga ne $200,000 ku EMC testing nga tebannafuna pass.

Okutereeza ebizibu .

Okuziyiza kye kivuga ekitaliimu. Teeka ekibokisi ky’ekyuma okwetooloola ebintu ebizibu era okutaataaganyizibwa okusinga tekuyinza kuyingira.Ekibokisi kirina okuba nga kigenda mu maaso wadde. Emisono gikulukuta. Ebituli by’ebiyungo bikulukuta. Ebifo ebiyingiza empewo okusinga biba Windows for RF energy.

Okuziyiza okwa nnamaddala kitegeeza gaasikiti eziyisa amasannyalaze ku buli musono. Kitegeeza ebiyungo ebisengekeddwa oba capacitors z’okuliisa ku buli kifo awayingira waya. Kitegeeza tewali slots ezisukka mu kimu kya kkumi eky’obuwanvu bw’amayengo ku frequency yo esinga okufaayo. Oyo asembayo agwa abantu. Bw’oba ​​ofaayo ku 1 GHz okutaataaganyizibwa ebifo byo byetaaga okuba wansi wa milimita 30. Mugende bulungi okufuna empewo ennyogovu okuyita mu ekyo.

Okusengejja emikono gyakola okutaataaganyizibwa. Oteeka inductors ne capacitors mu bifo ebituufu okuziyiza high frequency noise nga oyisa signals oba amaanyi g’oyagala ddala. Differential mode filter ekwata amaloboozi agatambula wansi ku waya emu ate endala n’edda emabega. Common mode choke ekwata amaloboozi agatambula mu kkubo lye limu ku waya zombi.

Design ya filter erimu obukodyo. impedance ya source ne load nsonga. Omusengejja ogugezesa ennyo ku ntebe guyinza obutabaako kye gukola mu nkola yennyini kubanga impedances za njawulo. Nze ndabye bayinginiya nga bandaga n’amalala schematics zaabwe ez’okusengejja olwo ne nneebuuza lwaki ebipimo by’amaloboozi tebyakyuka. Baakolanga enkola ya 50 ohm ne bagiteeka mu kintu ekiringa 5 ohms ku frequency ze bafaako.

Grounding strategy ye voodoo entuufu gy’ebeera. Battery pack erina ebitundu bya vvulovumenti ebya waggulu ne low voltage. Oludda lwa HV lulimu obutoffaali n’ebintu ebikulu ebikwatagana (main contactors) ne precharge circuit. Oludda lwa LV lulina BMS era lusobola okukwatagana n’oluusi DC-DC converters. Enkola zino ebbiri ez’oku ttaka zirina okuyungibwa ku kifo kimu kyennyini. Ebiyungo ebisingawo bikola loopu. Loops zisitula okuyingirira.

Okuzuula ensonga emu entuufu ye art. Kisinziira ku kifo akasannyalazo we kakulukuta era ebipimo ebikwatagana we bibeera n’ensulo z’amaloboozi we zibeera. Buli layout ya njawulo. Njagala nnyo okukuwa formula naye tewali.

Entegeka Ensonga .

Munda mu BMS ensengeka ya PCB ekola oba emenya omulimu gwa EMC.

Kuuma ebintu bya digito eby’amaanyi okuva ku analog measurement circuits. Processor ne can transceiver ne switching regulators zonna zifuuyira amaloboozi. Ebiyingiza vvulovumenti y’obutoffaali n’ebipimo ebipima ebbugumu biwulikika. Ebanga ly’omubiri liyamba. Ennyonyi ezikutuka ku ttaka wakati w’ebitundu ziyamba ebisingawo.

Muyiseemu pair za diferensiali wamu era zikuume nga nnyimpi. Ennyiriri z’amakulu okuva mu ttaapu z’obutoffaali zirina okuyingira mu lubaawo nga bwe kisoboka ne chip ya AFE. Ebigobererwa ebiwanvu bisitula okuyingirira okusingawo.

Laba amakubo go ag’okudda. Current erina okukulukuta mu loopu. Siginini efuluma ku trace emu n’edda ku ndala. Singa ekkubo ly’okudda terirabika bulungi nti akasannyalazo kafuna engeri yaago era mu ngeri eyo kayinza okuba olukoba olunene olutangalijja nga antenna.

Yiwa ekikomo. Ennyonyi ennene ez’oku ttaka zikendeeza ku impedansi era ziwa amasannyalaze agakomawo ekkubo lya inductance erya wansi. Okutunga vias okusiba ennyonyi wamu n’okukendeeza ku resonances.

Screw y'ensi entuufu-UPS .

Emyaka mitono emabega nabuuza ku startup okukola battery packs for forklifts. BMS zaabwe zaakolanga nnyo ku katebe. Mu forklift kyagwa eddalu. Okusoma kwa vvulovumenti kwabuuka okwetoloola. Okubala kwa SOC kwataayaaya wonna.

Forklift yalina motor ya DC ennene nga eriko chopper drive. Buli chopper lwe yakyusa current mu main cables yakyuka ebikumi ebitono amps mu microseconds ntono. Ennimiro ya magineeti okuva mu DI/DT eyo yakwatagana mu buli kimu.

Okugezaako kwabwe okutereeza kwali kwa kwongerako beads za ferrite ku layini z’amakulu. Teyakola kintu kyonna. Okuyingirira kwali kugatta magineeti mu loopu ezikolebwa waya z’amakulu. Ferrites block yakola amaloboozi so si magnetic field coupling.

Twamaliriza nga tudduka sense harness nga tuyita mu flexible conduit ne tugiyisa okuva ku waya enkulu. Oluvannyuma twayongerako ‘wisted pair’ okuva mu buli ttaapu y’obutoffaali mu kifo kya waya emu. Okukyusakyusa kikendeeza ku kitundu kya loopu ekifo kya magineeti ky’esobola okugatta. Mu kusembayo twakendeeza ku sampling ku AFE chip kale yagatta ku cycles eziwera ez’okutaataaganyizibwa. Oluyoogaano lwali lwa average.

Total fix egula doola nga ssatu buli pack mu extra wire ne conduit. Teyandibadde n’ekintu kyonna singa baali bakirowoozezzaako mu kiseera ky’okukola dizayini eyasooka.

By'olina Okubuuza Abatunzi .

Bwoba ogula battery packs oba BMS boards buuza ku EMC nga tonnagula.

Omutindo ki gwe baagezesa? Saba lipoota z’ebigezo entuufu so si satifikeeti yokka. Lipoota ziraga enteekateeka y’okugezesa n’omugatte okutuuka ku kkomo. Ekintu ekyayita mu ngeri entono kwe kukyusa dizayini emu okuva ku kulemererwa.

Embeera ki ey’amasannyalaze gye baakola? BMS etegeeza eggaali ya golf eyinza obutawangaala mu bbaasi eyitamu ng’erina inverter ssatu ezisika.

Baagezesa pack enzijuvu oba bboodi yokka? Ennyumba ne waya n’ebiyungo bikyusa enneeyisa ya EMC. Okugezesa bboodi ey’obwereere tekikubuulira kumpi kintu kyonna ku kintu ekiwedde.

Kika ki eky’okusengejja n’okuziyiza ekizimbibwamu? Singa eky'okuddamu kiri nti "Twesigama ku nkola y'enkola okukwata ekyo" olina ekizibu. Kati ovunaanyizibwa ku kugoberera EMC era oyinza obutaba na bukugu oba mbalirira kukikola bulungi.

kino gye kigenda .

BMS etaliiko waya ejja. Mu kifo ky’okuddukanya waya za sense ku buli katoffaali oteeka akatundu akatono akataliiko waya ku buli kibinja ky’obutoffaali era kaweereza data okudda ku controller enkulu. waya ntono. Kyangu okukola service.

Naye kati data yo ey’okupima ebuuka ng’eyita mu mpewo mu siginiini ya leediyo. Siginini eyo erina okuvuganya n’amaloboozi gonna aga magineeti okuva mu byuma eby’amasannyalaze. Bbandi za wireless zajjula dda. Nze ndabye prototypes nga wireless BMS yafiirwa empuliziganya mu kiseera hard acceleration kubanga inverter noise yazibye receiver.

Voltages eza waggulu zifuula buli kimu okukaluba. Amakolero gano gagenda ku 800V n’okusingawo okusobola okucaajinga amangu n’okussaako waya entonotono. Voltage ennyingi kitegeeza amaanyi mangi ag’okukyusakyusa n’okusingawo EMI. Obukodyo bwe bumu bukyakola naye olina okuzituukiriza obulungi.

Okugatta kusigala kweyongera. BMS ne charger eri ku nnyonyi ne DC-DC converter byonna binyigiriziddwa mu kibokisi kimu. Obuzito obutono n’omuwendo naye emikisa mingi egy’okutaataaganyizibwa wakati w’emirimu. Analog cell sensing erina okuwangaala mu kiyumba kye kimu ne chajingi ya 10 kW switching.

EMC tegenda wala. Kigenda kyeyongera buli mwaka ng’ebyuma bikalimagezi bigenda bifuna amangu ate nga tubasaba bakole mu mbeera enkambwe. Battery pack gwe mutima gw’emmotoka ey’amasannyalaze era nga gukuuma nga ntuufu era nga gwesigika wadde nga electromagnetic storm around it y’ekola EMC work.