Utility Vehicle Omuguzi w'omuguzi .

Nalaba maneja wa Fleet mu Riyadh Dump $180,000 ez'okukulembera-battery za asidi oluvannyuma lw'emyezi 14. Cold storage, shift ssatu, teyasobola kukwata charge wansi wa 15℃. sulfation okulya okuyita mu bipande. Mu mwezi 11 ebifo bye eby’okusimbamu amazzi byali biwuubaala okuyita mu kitundu-okukyukakyuka.

 

Ogwo gwali mwaka gwa 2019. Okuva olwo nguyambye okuddukanya emirimu gye egy'okudduka. Omwaka ogw’okutaano kati, 87% obusobozi okusigala ku packs ezaasooka.

Ekizibu ky'olupapula lwa spec .

Ensobi ezisinga ez’okugula ebintu ze ndaba zikka nga zigoba ennamba enkyamu. Buli muntu anyweza ku $/kWh ku kugula. Ekyo mpozzi 35% ku by'onoomala mu butuufu.

Nja kutuuka ku TCO breakdown oluvannyuma, naye sooka: cell matching. Eno y’enkyukakyuka y’omutindo etalaga mu bitabo by’okutunda, era abagaba ebintu we basala enkoona nga beetaaga okukuba omuwendo.

Bwe tubalidde abagaba ebintu, okugumiikiriza okukwatagana kw’obutoffaali kye kibuuzo kyange ekisooka. Okusooka-Abakola emitendera bakwatagana n’obusobozi bwa ±2.5% n’okuziyiza okw’omunda okufaananako bwe kutyo. Lwaki okuziyiza okw’omunda kusinga ku busobozi bw’okukozesa kwa waggulu- buli kiseera? Kubanga bw’oba ​​n’obutoffaali obukwatagana n’obuziyiza obutakwatagana, akasannyalazo tekaawulwamu kyenkanyi. Akatoffaali aka wansi-akaziyiza katwala omugugu omungi, kabuguma mangu, kakaddiwa, era okukkakkana nga kasika ekipapula kyonna wansi. MIT yawandiika nti 20% resistance mismatch esala cycle life ne around 40% ku high discharge rates (sciencedirect.com).

Enkola y’okugabanya ebipimo (grading system) efuula kibi nnyo. Oluvannyuma lw’okutondeka okucaajinga, obutoffaali busunsulamu grade A, B, C, D. grade A is spec-bugoberera obuggya okuva ku layini. Ekibiina kya B kitera okuba eky’ekibiina A ekyatuula mu sitoowa okumala emyezi esatu ku mukaaga. Specs ezifaanagana ku lupapula. Enkola y’ennimiro ey’enjawulo.

Omu ku basuubuzi b’omu Shenzhen be twabala yali atabula 15% grade B cells. obusobozi bwe bumu ku datasheet yaabwe. Packs zaabwe zaali ziremedde ebitundu 30% ku sipiidi okusinga abavuganya ku bbeeyi y’emu. Bwe nabuuza ku kugumiikiriza kwabwe okukwatagana, sales rep teyasobola kumpa nnamba. Ekyo kyantegeeza buli kimu.

formation timing nayo nsonga, era kumpi tewali abuuza ku nsonga eyo. Okutondebwa okutuufu kwetaaga chajingi enzijuvu-enzirukanya y’okufuuwa n’okugattako ekitono ennyo ennaku 15 okuwummula okuleka obulema obukwekebwa okulabika. Abagaba ebintu wansi wa margin pressure compress kino. Obutoffaali busindika bulungi. Ebikyamu bivaayo mu mwezi 8 ng’oyise ku lunwe-omutendera gw’okulaga.

BMS .

Quick one here kuba buli omu asukkiridde okukaluubiriza kino.

Amakolero-Okupima okw’omutindo: Okutono oba okwenkana 0.5% ku kutegeera okuliwo kati. Automotive: Etali wansi oba yenkana 1%. Omukozesa: Ani amanyi.

Embeera-ey'okubalirira-Okubalirira kw'ekisannyalazo kugatta amasannyalaze mu bbanga. Singa sensing yo eriwo kati ewunyiriza 2%, oba oggala nga bukyali oba over-okusuula. Tewali n’emu eraga mu kugezesa okukkiriza. Bombi batta uptime yo mu myezi 18-24.

Balancing: Passive wastes 5-10% nga ebbugumu, egula kitono. Active akyusa amaanyi wakati w’obutoffaali ku 95%+ obulungi, ayongerako $15-30 buli kWh. Abasinga okutunda basindika passive kubanga abaguzi tebamanyi kusaba active. Bw’oba ​​oddukanya omukisa ng’osasuza, active balancing esasula mu myaka egitawera ebiri.

Ekyo kye kiri. Mugende mu maaso.

Ebbugumu

Nze nfiiriddwa okubala ku lithium "okulemererwa" mmeka ze nnoonyezzaako ezaafuuka obuzibu mu kuddukanya ebbugumu.

Wansi wa diguli 0 , tosasuza lithium. Ekiseera. Ofuna lithium metal plating ku anode mu kifo ky’okuyingiza obulungi. Okwonoonebwa okutasobola kuddamu. Obulabe bw’omuliro okuva mu kutondebwa kwa dendrite. Okutereka kwonna okunnyogoga oba okuteekebwa ebweru mu kiseera ky’obutiti kyetaaga okufumbisa okugatta wamu ne BMS charge lockout. Sifaayo ku spec sheet ya supplier yo ky'eyogera ku operating range. Bwe baba tebasobola kunnyonnyola bukuumi bwazo obwa wansi-obuteekeddwa mu bujjuvu, tambula.

Lead-Acid alina ebizibu eby'enjawulo eby'ennyonta. Wansi nga 15℃, obutoffaali obubooga tebusobola kukkiriza full charge. Oddukira ku 60-70% obusobozi ate nga oyanguyira sulfation. Omu ku ba maneja b’emmotoka z’e Canada ze mmanyi nti yali asaasaanya ddoola 8,000 omwaka ku bisenge bya bbaatule ebibuguma. Teyalabikangako mu nkola ye eya TCO eyasooka kubanga tewali muntu yenna yabuuza ku bbugumu eribeera mu kifo mu kiseera ky’okutunda.

High End: LFP ekwata okutuuka ku 60℃nga ebintu tebinnaba kubi. NMC enywevu, mpozzi 55℃. Enjawulo y'ebbugumu lya pack erina okusigala wansi wa 5℃. Liquid cooling ekola kino naye eyongera ku ssente n’okuddaabiriza. Okunyogoza empewo kikola singa oba oli wansi wa 2C continuous ate ambient esigala wansi wa 35℃.

Mu butuufu, wano waliwo kye nsaanidde okwogerako nga tuli ku bbugumu. Spec sheet operating range kitegeeza nti obutoffaali tebujja kulemererwa mangu. Tekitegeeza kukola bulungi. Pack ebalirirwamu -20 ku 60℃egenda kukaddiwa mangu ku extremes. Twalina kasitoma mu Phoenix nga adduka ebweru AGVs nga tebasobola kuzuula lwaki packs zaabwe zaali zifa ku 60% of rated cycle life. Turned out ebyuma byabwe byatuula butereevu mu musana mu luwummula lw’ekyemisana, nga bakuba 50℃+ bulijjo. mu by’ekikugu mu spec. practically okutta obutoffaali.

TCO .

Alright, ennamba. Kino nakiggya mu pulojekiti ya Texas 3PL gye twakola mu 2024. 50 Class I forklifts, bbiri-Siriya y’enkyukakyuka, okwekenneenya okw’emyaka 8:

Payback ku mwezi 31. Delta ya doola 482,000 mu myaka 8.

Enkyukakyuka eziwuubaala kino: shift count, ebbugumu, omukisa charging. Single-Shift Climate-Ebifo ebifugibwa laba mpozzi 36-48 month payback. Multi-shift ekubye 24-30. Okutereka mu nnyonta kuyinza okumenya ne mu myezi 18.

Twawandiika 13-Loon payback ku kifo kya Dubai ekiddukanya loole za Linde 23 ku -18℃. Ttiimu yaabwe ey’okuddaabiriza ebadde ekola essaawa 11 buli wiiki ku kufukirira n’okwenkanankana. Oluvannyuma lw’okukyusa: zero.

Emmeeza kye kitalaga:

Omukisa okusasula obulabe. Ebisale eby’ekitundu byanguyira omusulo-okusala asidi, obulamu bw’enzirukanya y’okusala 30-40%. Bw’oba ​​ossaako supping mu biseera by’okuwummulamu mu kifo ky’okuzikolamu cycles, lead-acid TCO yo esinga modeled. Lithium tafaayo.

Emisango egy’obwetaavu obw’oku ntikko. Buli omu ng’asasuza ssifiiti ekyusa obwetaavu bw’ekifo kyo. Okusinziira ku nsengeka y’omuwendo gw’ebintu by’olina okukozesa, ssente z’obwetaavu zisobola okunywerera ku ssente zo okumala emyezi 12+ okuva ku kulinnya okumu.

Battery Room Ebizimbe by'amayumba. Lead-Okucaajinga asidi yeetaaga okuyingiza empewo ya haidrojeni, okuziyiza asidi, ebiseera ebisinga okufuga embeera y’obudde. Ekifo ekimu eky’okugabira abantu amazzi kyazudde square feet 400 oluvannyuma lw’okukyusa lithium. Kifuula ebifo bya pick module.

omuwendo ogusigaddewo. LFP packs at 70-80% obulamu balina omuwendo gwennyini ogw'okuddamu okutunda ku kutereka okw'okubiri-Obulamu. Lead-acid ye scrap. Ku horizons ezisukka emyaka 5, kino kikyusa NPV ne 8-12%.

Kemisitule

LFP egumiikiriza okutulugunyizibwa. okufulumya okuzitowa, okusannyalala okw’ekitundu, okukyukakyuka kw’ebbugumu. Omuzito buli kWh okusinga NMC, ekintu ekikulu bw’oba ​​obuzito-okuziyiza. Forklift ne AGV ezisinga obungi si bweziri.

NMC ekola amakulu nga obuzito bukulu era osobola okukwata ebyetaago by’okuddukanya ebbugumu. Obulamu bwa cycle obumpi, ssente nnyingi. Ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu sitoowa kumpi tebigiwa nsonga.

lead-acid akyali ekkalaamu out for low-okukozesa emirimu egy'enjawulo-Singa n'ebintu ebiriwo era tewali mukisa gwa kucaajinga. Just understand you're committing to 4-year replacement cycles n'okuddaabiriza buli wiiki.

Bit of a tangent, naye nsaana okukola ku busobozi bw'obusobozi ku nkola enzito-omulimu okuva lwe nsigala nga ndaba ensobi y'emu.

Pack ya 600kWh tegula 2x nga pack ya 300kWh egula. Kisinga kufaanana 2.3-2.5x. Enzirukanya y’ebbugumu n’ekipimo kya yinginiya w’ebizimbe mu ngeri etali ya linnya.

Twagerageranya emmotoka ya 600kWh pack ku nkola y’okutereka amasannyalaze ga 600kWh omwaka oguwedde. Obutoffaali bwe bumu, kemiko y’emu. Mmotoka Pack: nga $2.50/wh nga erimu amazzi okunyogoga okusobola okufulumya 3C, 800V architecture, aluminium enclosure. Stationary Storage: nga $1.15/wh nga erimu empewo, kabineti y’ekyuma. Paaka y’emmotoka egula emirundi ebiri kubanga ebitundu 35% bigenda mu kuddukanya ebbugumu n’enzimba y’obuzito obutono.

Saba quotes ku bifo ebingi eby’obusobozi. Laba $/WH curve.

Abagaba ebintu .

CATL erina ebitundu nga 38% ku lithium y’ensi yonna-OY ion. BYD endala 16%. Supply Chain esinga okuteebereza okusinga emyaka etaano egiyise, ensonda endala ntono singa wabaawo ekikyamu ku mugabi wo omukulu.

Abagaba ebintu mu bitundu basobola okuba obulungi. Due diligence esinga obukulu. Kakasa empeereza y'obuweereza mu geography yo. Funa ebijuliziddwa okuva mu kussaako n'emyaka 3+ mu nkola ezifaanagana. Kebera okutebenkera mu by’ensimbi. Tulabye abasuubuzi abawera nga bava ku katale mu myezi 24, nga baleka bakasitoma nga balina packs za doola 25,000 ate nga tebalina buyambi bwa warranty. Omu ku bammemba ba Mheda mu Promat yang’amba nti yafiirwa enkola ye yonna ey’obuweereza ng’omugabi akwata emyezi 18 oluvannyuma lw’okusindikibwa.

Battery eziddaabiriziddwa: Enjawulo y’omutindo esukkiridde. Omukugu mu by'amakolero ku lukiiko lw'amakolero yakiyita "lottery odds, mpozzi 3 ku 10 eziyise 2- 3 emyaka, abalala balemererwa mu myezi mitono." Bw’oba ​​olowooza ku kuddaabiriza, saba data y’okukebera ku ddaala lya cell ne warranty okuva mu kkampuni erimu eby’obugagga ebituufu.

Ebibuuzo eri supplier yo RFQ:

• Okugumira okukwatagana kw’obutoffaali ku busobozi n’okuziyiza okw’omunda?
• Omuwendo gw’amakungula g’ekibiina A? Enkola ku butoffaali bwa grade B?
• Ekiseera ky’okuwummulako nga tonnaba kugabanya bigere?
• BMS Okugumira okupima?
• active oba passive balancing?
• Obudde bw’okuddamu mu mpeereza y’ekitundu?
• Ebiwandiiko bisatu ebiddukanya ekintu kyo 3+ emyaka mu kika kyange eky'okusaba?
• Enkola y’okusaba okusaba kwa waranti?
• Kiki ekituuka ku warranty singa kkampuni yo ezinga?

Bino bwe baba tebasobola kubiddamu specifically, ekyo kikubuulira ekintu ku nkola yaabwe.

Polinove .

Tukola LFP packs ku mmotoka ezikozesa amasannyalaze. balina okuva mu 2012. Forklifts, AGVs, ebigaali bya golf, obuwagizi ku ttaka.

Siri nga yeefuula nti tuli ba neutral wano. Tulina obwagazi obw’ebyobusuubuzi mu kuzaala lithium. Kye nsobola okukugamba: Bakasitoma abakomawo okugaziya ebidduka be twayamba okusalawo obulungi omulundi ogusooka, ne bwe kiba nti okusalawo okwo kwali "lithium tekirina makulu ku nkola yo n'okutuusa kati."

Waliwo ekibalirizi kya TCO ku polinovepowbat.com ekiddukanya parameters zo. shift schedule, ebbugumu, emiwendo gy’amasannyalaze, ebikozesebwa ebiriwo. Si kikomera. Singa okubala tekukola ku lithium, calculator ekulaga ekyo.

Ebibuuzo:AWO

Ebiwandiiko okuva mu kussa mu nkola Polinovel, Bloombergnef (Bnef.com), ebiwandiiko by’emisango gya UGOWork, okunoonyereza okukwatagana mu MIT cell (sciencedirect.com).